4,992 research outputs found

    Complexity Science in Human Change

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    This reprint encompasses fourteen contributions that offer avenues towards a better understanding of complex systems in human behavior. The phenomena studied here are generally pattern formation processes that originate in social interaction and psychotherapy. Several accounts are also given of the coordination in body movements and in physiological, neuronal and linguistic processes. A common denominator of such pattern formation is that complexity and entropy of the respective systems become reduced spontaneously, which is the hallmark of self-organization. The various methodological approaches of how to model such processes are presented in some detail. Results from the various methods are systematically compared and discussed. Among these approaches are algorithms for the quantification of synchrony by cross-correlational statistics, surrogate control procedures, recurrence mapping and network models.This volume offers an informative and sophisticated resource for scholars of human change, and as well for students at advanced levels, from graduate to post-doctoral. The reprint is multidisciplinary in nature, binding together the fields of medicine, psychology, physics, and neuroscience

    Advanced Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

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    This book focuses on advanced nanomaterials for energy conversion and storage, covering their design, synthesis, properties and applications in various fields. Developing advanced nanomaterials for high-performance and low-cost energy conversion and storage devices and technologies is of great significance in order to solve the issues of energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this book, various advanced nanomaterials for batteries, capacitors, electrocatalysis, nanogenerators, and magnetic nanomaterials are presente

    Advances in Methane Production from Coal, Shale and Other Tight Rocks

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    This collection reports on the state of the art in fundamental discipline application in hydrocarbon production and associated challenges in geoengineering activities. Zheng et al. (2022) report an NMR-based method for multiphase methane characterization in coals. Wang et al. (2022) studied the genesis of bedding fractures in Ordovician to Silurian marine shale in the Sichuan basin. Kang et al. (2022) proposed research focusing on the prediction of shale gas production from horizontal wells. Liang et al. (2022) studied the pore structure of marine shale by adsorption method in terms of molecular interaction. Zhang et al. (2022) focus on the coal measures sandstones in the Xishanyao Formation, southern Junggar Basin, and the sandstone diagenetic characteristics are fully revealed. Yao et al. (2022) report the source-to-sink system in the Ledong submarine channel and the Dongfang submarine fan in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. There are four papers focusing on the technologies associated with hydrocarbon productions. Wang et al. (2022) reported the analysis of pre-stack inversion in a carbonate karst reservoir. Chen et al. (2022) conducted an inversion study on the parameters of cascade coexisting gas-bearing reservoirs in coal measures in Huainan. To ensure the safety CCS, Zhang et al (2022) report their analysis of available conditions for InSAR surface deformation monitoring. Additionally, to ensure production safety in coal mines, Zhang et al. (2022) report the properties and application of gel materials for coal gangue control

    Specificity of the innate immune responses to different classes of non-tuberculous mycobacteria

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    Mycobacterium avium is the most common nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species causing infectious disease. Here, we characterized a M. avium infection model in zebrafish larvae, and compared it to M. marinum infection, a model of tuberculosis. M. avium bacteria are efficiently phagocytosed and frequently induce granuloma-like structures in zebrafish larvae. Although macrophages can respond to both mycobacterial infections, their migration speed is faster in infections caused by M. marinum. Tlr2 is conservatively involved in most aspects of the defense against both mycobacterial infections. However, Tlr2 has a function in the migration speed of macrophages and neutrophils to infection sites with M. marinum that is not observed with M. avium. Using RNAseq analysis, we found a distinct transcriptome response in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction for M. avium and M. marinum infection. In addition, we found differences in gene expression in metabolic pathways, phagosome formation, matrix remodeling, and apoptosis in response to these mycobacterial infections. In conclusion, we characterized a new M. avium infection model in zebrafish that can be further used in studying pathological mechanisms for NTM-caused diseases

    2023-2024 Undergraduate Catalog

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    2023-2024 undergraduate catalog for Morehead State University

    Positron emission tomography imaging biomarkers of frontotemporal dementia

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    There are currently no disease modifying treatments available for frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Pathological heterogeneity within and between FTD phenotypes and genotypes makes accurate diagnosis challenging. Biomarkers that can aid diagnosis and monitor disease progression will be critical for clinical trials of potential treatments. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides insights into molecular changes in the brain during life that are otherwise only directly quantifiable at postmortem. In this thesis I aimed to identify potential biomarkers of FTD using PET imaging. In Chapter 3 I use PET imaging of glucose metabolism to identify early neuronal dysfunction in presymptomatic genetic FTD, revealing specific involvement of the anterior cingulate in a subgroup of mutation carriers. In Chapter 4 I evaluate the utility of a PET tracer of tau protein deposition in genetic FTD against volumetric imaging, which appears to provide a more sensitive biomarker of disease than this tau PET tracer in FTD. In Chapter 5 I investigate neuroinflammation via PET imaging and identify different areas of neuroinflammation in different FTD genotypes, suggesting an association between neuroinflammation and protein deposition and that PET imaging of neuroinflammation might provide a sensitive biomarker in MAPT-related FTD. In Chapter 6 I investigate synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction via PET imaging in FTD, the latter of which has been previously unexplored. I reveal marked differences in both markers in FTD versus controls which suggests both might provide sensitive biomarkers of disease. Furthermore, in Chapter 7 I evaluate the same biomarkers at longitudinal follow up where I find continued reductions in mitochondrial function over time suggesting mitochondrial PET imaging may provide a biomarker of disease progression in FTD. Future replication of the findings in this thesis in larger cohorts might facilitate the advancement of clinical trials in FTD

    2023-2024 Boise State University Undergraduate Catalog

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    This catalog is primarily for and directed at students. However, it serves many audiences, such as high school counselors, academic advisors, and the public. In this catalog you will find an overview of Boise State University and information on admission, registration, grades, tuition and fees, financial aid, housing, student services, and other important policies and procedures. However, most of this catalog is devoted to describing the various programs and courses offered at Boise State

    High-order renormalization of scalar quantum fields

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    Thema dieser Dissertation ist die Renormierung von perturbativer skalarer Quantenfeldtheorie bei großer Schleifenzahl. Der Hauptteil der Arbeit ist dem Einfluss von Renormierungsbedingungen auf renormierte Greenfunktionen gewidmet. Zunächst studieren wir Dyson-Schwinger-Gleichungen und die Renormierungsgruppe, inklusive der Gegenterme in dimensionaler Regularisierung. Anhand zahlreicher Beispiele illustrieren wir die verschiedenen Größen. Alsdann diskutieren wir, welche Freiheitsgrade ein Renormierungsschema hat und wie diese mit den Gegentermen und den renormierten Greenfunktionen zusammenhängen. Für ungekoppelte Dyson-Schwinger-Gleichungen stellen wir fest, dass alle Renormierungsschemata bis auf eine Verschiebung des Renormierungspunktes äquivalent sind. Die Verschiebung zwischen kinematischer Renormierung und Minimaler Subtraktion ist eine Funktion der Kopplung und des Regularisierungsparameters. Wir leiten eine neuartige Formel für den Fall einer linearen Dyson-Schwinger Gleichung vom Propagatortyp her, um die Verschiebung direkt aus der Mellintransformation des Integrationskerns zu berechnen. Schließlich berechnen wir obige Verschiebung störungstheoretisch für drei beispielhafte nichtlineare Dyson-Schwinger-Gleichungen und untersuchen das asymptotische Verhalten der Reihenkoeffizienten. Ein zweites Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit sind Diffeomorphismen der Feldvariable in einer Quantenfeldtheorie. Wir präsentieren eine Störungstheorie des Diffeomorphismusfeldes im Impulsraum und verifizieren, dass der Diffeomorphismus keinen Einfluss auf messbare Größen hat. Weiterhin untersuchen wir die Divergenzen des Diffeomorphismusfeldes und stellen fest, dass die Divergenzen Wardidentitäten erfüllen, die die Abwesenheit dieser Terme von der S-Matrix ausdrücken. Trotz der Wardidentitäten bleiben unendlich viele Divergenzen unbestimmt. Den Abschluss bildet ein Kommentar über die numerische Quadratur von Periodenintegralen.This thesis concerns the renormalization of perturbative quantum field theory. More precisely, we examine scalar quantum fields at high loop order. The bulk of the thesis is devoted to the influence of renormalization conditions on the renormalized Green functions. Firstly, we perform a detailed review of Dyson-Schwinger equations and the renormalization group, including the counterterms in dimensional regularization. Using numerous examples, we illustrate how the various quantities are computable in a concrete case and which relations they satisfy. Secondly, we discuss which degrees of freedom are present in a renormalization scheme, and how they are related to counterterms and renormalized Green functions. We establish that, in the case of an un-coupled Dyson-Schwinger equation, all renormalization schemes are equivalent up to a shift in the renormalization point. The shift between kinematic renormalization and Minimal Subtraction is a function of the coupling and the regularization parameter. We derive a novel formula for the case of a linear propagator-type Dyson-Schwinger equation to compute the shift directly from the Mellin transform of the kernel. Thirdly, we compute the shift perturbatively for three examples of non-linear Dyson-Schwinger equations and examine the asymptotic growth of series coefficients. A second, smaller topic of the present thesis are diffeomorphisms of the field variable in a quantum field theory. We present the perturbation theory of the diffeomorphism field in momentum space and find that the diffeomorphism has no influence on measurable quantities. Moreover, we study the divergences in the diffeomorphism field and establish that they satisfy Ward identities, which ensure their absence from the S-matrix. Nevertheless, the Ward identities leave infinitely many divergences unspecified and the diffeomorphism theory is perturbatively unrenormalizable. Finally, we remark on a third topic, the numerical quadrature of Feynman periods

    Brain Computations and Connectivity [2nd edition]

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    This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on the Oxford Academic platform and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Brain Computations and Connectivity is about how the brain works. In order to understand this, it is essential to know what is computed by different brain systems; and how the computations are performed. The aim of this book is to elucidate what is computed in different brain systems; and to describe current biologically plausible computational approaches and models of how each of these brain systems computes. Understanding the brain in this way has enormous potential for understanding ourselves better in health and in disease. Potential applications of this understanding are to the treatment of the brain in disease; and to artificial intelligence which will benefit from knowledge of how the brain performs many of its extraordinarily impressive functions. This book is pioneering in taking this approach to brain function: to consider what is computed by many of our brain systems; and how it is computed, and updates by much new evidence including the connectivity of the human brain the earlier book: Rolls (2021) Brain Computations: What and How, Oxford University Press. Brain Computations and Connectivity will be of interest to all scientists interested in brain function and how the brain works, whether they are from neuroscience, or from medical sciences including neurology and psychiatry, or from the area of computational science including machine learning and artificial intelligence, or from areas such as theoretical physics
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