THE ROLE OF SCRATCH VISUAL PROGRAMMING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTATIONAL THINKING OF NON-IS MAJORS

The study explored the role of Scratch in developing the computational thinking (CT) abilities of Non-IS majors. Literature shows that abstraction, parallelism, logical thinking, data representation, flow control, pattern generalization and systematic processing of information produce computational thinking. Using a survey (n = 92) analyzed through PLS-SEM, the study explored and validated computational thinking definitions and constructs based on the other constructs. A final conceptual model shows the relationships between the constructs. The results of the survey indicated that Scratch played a significant role in abstraction for developing computational thinking. Further analysis concluded that Scratch also played a role in developing logical thinking by acting through abstraction and the other CT constructs. Nevertheless, these were not observed to influence computation thinking significantly. Further research is required to link logical thinking to computational thinking and to determine if flow control has a mediating or moderating impact on computational thinking

An exploration of the role of visual programming tools in the development of young children’s computational thinking

Programming tools are being used in education to teach computer science to children as young as 5 years old. This research aims to explore young children’s approaches to programming in two tools with contrasting programming interfaces, ScratchJr and Lightbot, and considers the impact of programming approaches on developing computational thinking. A study was conducted using two versions of a Lightbot-style game, either using a ScratchJr-like or Lightbot style programming interface. A test of non-verbal reasoning was used to perform a matched assignment of 40, 6 and 7-year-olds to the two conditions. Each child then played their version of the game for 30 minutes. The results showed that both groups had similar overall performance, but as expected, the children using the ScratchJr-like interface performed more program manipulation or ‘tinkering’. The most interesting finding was that non-verbal reasoning was a predictor of program manipulation, but only for the ScratchJr-like condition. Children approached the ScratchJr-like program differently depending on prior ability. More research is required to establish how children use programming tools and how these approaches influence computational thinking

User-centered visual analysis using a hybrid reasoning architecture for intensive care units

One problem pertaining to Intensive Care Unit information systems is that, in some cases, a very dense display of data can result. To ensure the overview and readability of the increasing volumes of data, some special features are required (e.g., data prioritization, clustering, and selection mechanisms) with the application of analytical methods (e.g., temporal data abstraction, principal component analysis, and detection of events). This paper addresses the problem of improving the integration of the visual and analytical methods applied to medical monitoring systems. We present a knowledge- and machine learning-based approach to support the knowledge discovery process with appropriate analytical and visual methods. Its potential benefit to the development of user interfaces for intelligent monitors that can assist with the detection and explanation of new, potentially threatening medical events. The proposed hybrid reasoning architecture provides an interactive graphical user interface to adjust the parameters of the analytical methods based on the users' task at hand. The action sequences performed on the graphical user interface by the user are consolidated in a dynamic knowledge base with specific hybrid reasoning that integrates symbolic and connectionist approaches. These sequences of expert knowledge acquisition can be very efficient for making easier knowledge emergence during a similar experience and positively impact the monitoring of critical situations. The provided graphical user interface incorporating a user-centered visual analysis is exploited to facilitate the natural and effective representation of clinical information for patient care

Computational thinking process of high school students in solving sequences and series problems

Kemampuan berpikir komputasi merupakan keterampilan berpikir yang dibutuhkan pada abad 21. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berpikir komputasi siswa SMA/MA dalam menyelesaikan masalah barisan dan deret. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes dan wawancara. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA MA Muhammadiyah Kota Pekanbaru sebanyak 15 orang. Analisis terhadap kemampuan berpikir komputasi siswa dilihat melalui indikator. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang berkemampuan tinggi berada dalam kategori sangat baik pada indikator dekomposisi (87,5%) dan abstraksi (97,5%), kategori baik pada indikator berpikir algoritma (65%) dan kategori cukup pada indikator pengenalan pola (50%). Siswa berkemampuan sedang dalam kategori baik pada indikator abstraksi (62%), kategori cukup pada indikator dekomposisi (51,5%), kategori rendah pada indikator pengenalan pola (33,5%) dan berpikir algoritma (39%). Siswa berkemampuan rendah berada dalam kategori rendah untuk tiga indikator yaitu dekomposisi (38,3%), abstraksi (33,3%), berpikir algoritma (21,7%), dan kategori sangat rendah pada pengenalan pola (11,67%). The ability of computational thinking is logical thinking that is needed in the 21st century. This research aims to describe the process of computational thinking in the Senior High School students in completing the problem of arithmetic sequence and series. This research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The data collection technique uses tests and interviews. Furthermore, the subject of the research is 15 students of class XI IPA at MA Muhammadiyah Pekanbaru. The students’ computational thinking could be seen through decomposition indicators, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking. The results of the analysis indicate that students with high abilities are in a very good category on the decomposition indicators (87.5%) and abstraction (97.5%), good categories on the algorithmic thinking indicator (65%), and, the moderate category on the indicators. pattern recognition (50%). For students with moderate abilities, they are in a good category on the abstraction indicator (62%), sufficient category on the decomposition indicator (51.5%), the low category on the pattern recognition indicator (33.5%), and algorithmic thinking (39%). Meanwhile, low-ability students are in the low category for three indicators, namely decomposition (38.3%), abstraction (33.3%), algorithmic thinking (21.7%), and very low category on pattern recognition indicators (11.67%).Kemampuan berpikir komputasi merupakan keterampilan berpikir yang dibutuhkan pada abad 21. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berpikir komputasi siswa SMA/MA dalam menyelesaikan masalah barisan dan deret. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes dan wawancara. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA MA Muhammadiyah Kota Pekanbaru sebanyak 15 orang. Analisis terhadap kemampuan berpikir komputasi siswa dilihat melalui indikator. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang berkemampuan tinggi berada dalam kategori sangat baik pada indikator dekomposisi (87,5%) dan abstraksi (97,5%), kategori baik pada indikator berpikir algoritma (65%) dan kategori cukup pada indikator pengenalan pola (50%). Siswa berkemampuan sedang dalam kategori baik pada indikator abstraksi (62%), kategori cukup pada indikator dekomposisi (51,5%), kategori rendah pada indikator pengenalan pola (33,5%) dan berpikir algoritma (39%). Siswa berkemampuan rendah berada dalam kategori rendah untuk tiga indikator yaitu dekomposisi (38,3%), abstraksi (33,3%), berpikir algoritma (21,7%), dan kategori sangat rendah pada pengenalan pola (11,67%).  The ability of computational thinking is logical thinking that is needed in the 21st century. This research aims to describe the process of computational thinking in the Senior High School students in completing the problem of arithmetic sequence and series. This research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The data collection technique uses tests and interviews. Furthermore, the subject of the research is 15 students of class XI IPA at MA Muhammadiyah Pekanbaru. The students’ computational thinking could be seen through decomposition indicators, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking. The results of the analysis indicate that students with high abilities are in a very good category on the decomposition indicators (87.5%) and abstraction (97.5%), good categories on the algorithmic thinking indicator (65%), and, the moderate category on the indicators. pattern recognition (50%). For students with moderate abilities, they are in a good category on the abstraction indicator (62%), sufficient category on the decomposition indicator (51.5%), the low category on the pattern recognition indicator (33.5%), and algorithmic thinking (39%). Meanwhile, low-ability students are in the low category for three indicators, namely decomposition (38.3%), abstraction (33.3%), algorithmic thinking (21.7%), and very low category on pattern recognition indicators (11.67%)

Comprehensive Security Framework for Global Threats Analysis

Cyber criminality activities are changing and becoming more and more professional. With the growth of financial flows through the Internet and the Information System (IS), new kinds of thread arise involving complex scenarios spread within multiple IS components. The IS information modeling and Behavioral Analysis are becoming new solutions to normalize the IS information and counter these new threads. This paper presents a framework which details the principal and necessary steps for monitoring an IS. We present the architecture of the framework, i.e. an ontology of activities carried out within an IS to model security information and User Behavioral analysis. The results of the performed experiments on real data show that the modeling is effective to reduce the amount of events by 91%. The User Behavioral Analysis on uniform modeled data is also effective, detecting more than 80% of legitimate actions of attack scenarios

Learning Experiences in Programming: The Motivating Effect of a Physical Interface

A study of undergraduate students learning to program compared the use of a physical interface with use of a screen-based equivalent interface to obtain insights into what made for an engaging learning experience. Emotions characterized by the HUMAINE scheme were analysed, identifying the links between the emotions experienced during programming and their origin. By capturing the emotional experiences of learners immediately after a programming experience, evidence was collected of the very positive emotions experienced by learners developing a program using a physical interface (Arduino) in comparison with a similar program developed using a screen-based equivalent interface

The relationship between self-efficacy and computational thinking skills of fifth grade elementary school students

Self-efficacy and computational thinking skills are necessary in this technological development age. However, only some studies still discuss the relationship between the two variables. The purpose of this study is to determine the form of relationship between self-efficacy and computational thinking skills of fifth-grade elementary school students. This study applied correlational quantitative research without accompanying the treatment of the subjects. The respondents for this study were 84 fifth-grade students from three public schools in Pekanbaru. Two types of instruments are used in this study, including questionnaires and computational thinking skills tests. The results showed a correlation coefficient of -0.036 with Sig. (2-tailed) 0.747 0.05. That is, there is a very low relationship, it has a negative direction, and it is not significant between self-efficacy and computational thinking skills of fifth-grade elementary school students. Self-efficacy contributes to the influence of computational thinking skills by only 0.12%, and other factors influence the remaining 99.88%. This study is expected to provide an overview of self-efficacy and computational thinking skills of fifth-grade students in Pekanbaru and is expected to be an additional reference for further study