69 research outputs found
Spent convictions and the architecture for establishing legal semantic workflows
This research was partially funded by the Data to Decisions Cooperative Research Centre (D2D CRC, Australia), and Meta-Rule of Law (DER2016- 78108-P, Spain)Operating within the Data to Decision Cooperative Research Centre (D2D CRC), the authors are currently involved in the Integrated Law Enforcement program and the Compliance through Design project. These have the goal of developing a federated data platform for law enforcement agencies that will enable the execution of integrated analytics on data accessed from different external and internal sources, thereby providing effective support to an investigator or analyst working to evaluate evidence and manage lines of inquiries in an investigation. Technical solutions should also operate ethically, in compliance with the law and subject to good governance principles. This paper is focused on the Australian spent convictions scheme, which provide use cases to test the platform
FAIR: A Causal Framework for Accurately Inferring Judgments Reversals
Artificial intelligence researchers have made significant advances in legal
intelligence in recent years. However, the existing studies have not focused on
the important value embedded in judgments reversals, which limits the
improvement of the efficiency of legal intelligence. In this paper, we propose
a causal Framework for Accurately Inferring case Reversals (FAIR), which models
the problem of judgments reversals based on real Chinese judgments. We mine the
causes of judgments reversals by causal inference methods and inject the
obtained causal relationships into the neural network as a priori knowledge.
And then, our framework is validated on a challenging dataset as a legal
judgment prediction task. The experimental results show that our framework can
tap the most critical factors in judgments reversal, and the obtained causal
relationships can effectively improve the neural network's performance. In
addition, we discuss the generalization ability of large language models for
legal intelligence tasks using ChatGPT as an example. Our experiment has found
that the generalization ability of large language models still has defects, and
mining causal relationships can effectively improve the accuracy and explain
ability of model predictions
Editorial Deiurisprudentia picturata : brief notes on law and visualisation
Co-funded by the ERASMUS+ programme of the European Union.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Large-Scale Legal Reasoning with Rules and Databases
Traditionally, computational knowledge representation and reasoning focused its attention on rich domains such as the law. The main underlying assumption of traditional legal knowledge representation and reasoning is that knowledge and data are both available in main memory. However, in the era of big data, where large amounts of data are generated daily, an increasing rangeof scientific disciplines, as well as business and human activities, are becoming data-driven. This chapter summarises existing research on legal representation and reasoning in order to uncover technical challenges associated both with the integration of rules and databases and with the main concepts of the big data landscape. We expect these challenges lead naturally to future research directions towards achieving large scale legal reasoning with rules and databases
AsyLex: A Dataset for Legal Language Processing of Refugee Claims
Advancements in natural language processing (NLP) and language models have demonstrated immense potential in the legal domain, enabling automated analysis and comprehension of legal texts. However, developing robust models in Legal NLP is significantly challenged by the scarcity of resources. This paper presents AsyLex, the first dataset specifically designed for Refugee Law applications to address this gap. The dataset introduces 59,112 documents on refugee status determination in Canada from 1996 to 2022, providing researchers and practitioners with essential material for training and evaluating NLP models for legal research and case review. Case review is defined as entity extraction and outcome prediction tasks. The dataset includes 19,115 gold-standard human-labeled annotations for 20 legally relevant entity types curated with the help of legal experts and 1,682 gold-standard labeled documents for the case outcome. Furthermore, we supply the corresponding trained entity extraction models and the resulting labeled entities generated through the inference process on AsyLex. Four supplementary features are obtained through rule-based extraction. We demonstrate the usefulness of our dataset on the legal judgment prediction task to predict the binary outcome and test a set of baselines using the text of the documents and our annotations. We observe that models pretrained on similar legal documents reach better scores, suggesting that acquiring more datasets for specialized domains such as law is crucial. The dataset is available at https://huggingface. co/datasets/clairebarale/AsyLex
Empowering Refugee Claimants and their Lawyers: Using Machine Learning to Examine Decision-Making in Refugee Law
Our project aims at helping and supporting stakeholders in refugee status
adjudications, such as lawyers, judges, governing bodies, and claimants, in
order to make better decisions through data-driven intelligence and increase
the understanding and transparency of the refugee application process for all
involved parties. This PhD project has two primary objectives: (1) to retrieve
past cases, and (2) to analyze legal decision-making processes on a dataset of
Canadian cases. In this paper, we present the current state of our work, which
includes a completed experiment on part (1) and ongoing efforts related to part
(2). We believe that NLP-based solutions are well-suited to address these
challenges, and we investigate the feasibility of automating all steps
involved. In addition, we introduce a novel benchmark for future NLP research
in refugee law. Our methodology aims to be inclusive to all end-users and
stakeholders, with expected benefits including reduced time-to-decision, fairer
and more transparent outcomes, and improved decision quality.Comment: 19th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law -
ICAIL 2023, Doctoral Consortium. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap
with arXiv:2305.1553
Legal linked data ecosystems and the rule of law
This chapter introduces the notions of meta-rule of law and socio-legal ecosystems to both foster and regulate linked democracy. It explores the way of stimulating innovative regulations and building a regulatory quadrant for the rule of law. The chapter summarises briefly (i) the notions of responsive, better and smart regulation; (ii) requirements for legal interchange languages (legal interoperability); (iii) and cognitive ecology approaches. It shows how the protections of the substantive rule of law can be embedded into the semantic languages of the web of data and reflects on the conditions that make possible their enactment and implementation as a socio-legal ecosystem. The chapter suggests in the end a reusable multi-levelled meta-model and four notions of legal validity: positive, composite, formal, and ecological
A Survey on Legal Question Answering Systems
Many legal professionals think that the explosion of information about local,
regional, national, and international legislation makes their practice more
costly, time-consuming, and even error-prone. The two main reasons for this are
that most legislation is usually unstructured, and the tremendous amount and
pace with which laws are released causes information overload in their daily
tasks. In the case of the legal domain, the research community agrees that a
system allowing to generate automatic responses to legal questions could
substantially impact many practical implications in daily activities. The
degree of usefulness is such that even a semi-automatic solution could
significantly help to reduce the workload to be faced. This is mainly because a
Question Answering system could be able to automatically process a massive
amount of legal resources to answer a question or doubt in seconds, which means
that it could save resources in the form of effort, money, and time to many
professionals in the legal sector. In this work, we quantitatively and
qualitatively survey the solutions that currently exist to meet this challenge.Comment: 57 pages, 1 figure, 10 table
Hypotheses and their dynamics in legal argumentation
We investigate some legal interpretation techniques from the viewpoint of the Argentinian jurisprudence. This allows the proposal of a logical framework –from a computer science perspective– for modeling such specific reasoning techniques towards an appropriate construction of legal arguments. Afterwards, we study the usage of assumptions towards construction of hypotheses. This is proposed in the dynamic context of legal procedures, where the referred argumentation framework evolves as part of the investigation instance prior to the trial. We propose belief revision operators to handle such dynamics, preserving a coherent behavior with regards to the legal interpretation used. Abduction is finally proposed to construct systematic hypothesization, with the objective to bring semi-automatic recommendations to push forward the investigation of a legal case
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