6 research outputs found
Smart system signalization prototype for flow control of people in crosswalks
Mestrado de dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanåBad lighting conditions on crosswalks is a common problem on the urban environment.
This scenery entail a large number of pedestrians fatalities and it shows a demand for
solutions able to ensure their safety using lighting resources. The present work proposes a
crosswalkâs crossing process oriented by a system which is compound for a pair of Smart
Devices that fit themselves in the Smart City idea. Inside this propose, they are capable
to signalize for pedestrians the safe moment to enter on the crosswalk. These devices are
a prototype of a system programmed in Python language and based in the Raspberry Pi
and LoRa technologies. The work is split, mainly, on the hardware and software components
development. In hardware level, it shows a circuit schematic design based on the
Raspberry Pi Compute Module operating with the RFM95W LoRa module. In software
level, it shows the incremental development of a Embedded System which reads inputs,
gives lighting outputs and implements the communication, with encrypted messages, between
the devices. Finally, this thesis shows a circuit schematic implementation wiled in
KiCAD software and a embedded system focused in ensure well lighting and signalization
on crosswalks. To validate the system are made hypothetical tests toward pedestrians
behavior to cross the street on crosswalks.As mås condiçÔes de iluminação em passadeiras são um problema recorrente no ambiente
urbano. Esse cenĂĄrio implica em um grande nĂșmero de fatalidades e deixa evidente
a demanda por uma solução capaz de garantir a segurança do pedestre usando recursos
de iluminação. O presente trabalho propÔe um processo de travessia em faixas de
pedestres orientado por um sistema composto por um par de dipositivos inteligentes que
se encaixam na ideia de cidades inteligentes. Dentro dessa proposta, eles sĂŁo capazes de
sinalizar para os pedestres o momento seguro para entrar na passadeira. Esses dispositivos
sĂŁo um protĂłtipo de sistema programado em linguagem Python e baseado nas tecnologias
Raspberry Pi e LoRa. O trabalho Ă© dividido, principalmente, no desenvolvimento
das componentes de hardware e software. A nĂvel de hardware, ele mostra um projeto
esquemĂĄtico do circuito baseado no Raspberry Pi Compute Module que opera com o mĂłdulo
LoRa RFM95W. A nĂvel de software, ele mostra o desenvolvimento incremental de
um sistema incorporado que lĂȘ entradas, fornece saĂdas de iluminação e implementa a
comunicação, com mensagens criptografadas, entre os dispositivos. Finalmente, esta tese
mostra a implementação do esquemåtico de um circuito usando o software KiCAD e um
sistema embarcado focado em garantir iluminação e a sinalização nas passadeiras. Para
validar o sistema são feitos testes hipotéticos em relação ao comportamento dos pedestres
para atravessar a rua em faixas de pedestres
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Novel processes for smart grid information exchange and knowledge representation using the IEC common information model
This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The IEC Common Information Model (CIM) is of central importance in enabling smart grid interoperability. Its continual development aims to meet the needs of the smart grid for semantic understanding and knowledge
representation for a widening domain of resources and processes. With smart grid evolution the importance of information and data management has become an increasingly pressing issue not only because far more data is being generated using modern sensing, control and measuring devices but
also because information is now becoming recognised as the âintegral componentâ that facilitates the optimal flexibility required of the smart grid. This thesis looks at the impacts of CIM implementation upon the landscape of smart grid issues and presents research from within National Grid
contributing to three key areas in support of further CIM deployment. Taking the issue of Enterprise Information Management first, an information management framework is presented for CIM deployment at National Grid. Following this the development and demonstration of a novel secure cloud
computing platform to handle such information is described. Power system application (PSA) models of the grid are partial knowledge representations of a shared reality. To develop the completeness of our understanding of this reality it is necessary to combine these representations.
The second research contribution reports on a novel methodology for a CIM-based
model repository to align PSA representations and provide a
knowledge resource for building utility business intelligence of the grid.
The third contribution addresses the need for greater integration of information relating to energy storage, an essential aspect of smart energy management. It presents the strategic rationale for integrated energy modeling and a novel extension to the existing CIM standards for modeling grid-scale energy storage. Significantly, this work has already contributed to a larger body of work on modeling Distributed Energy Resources currently under development at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in the
USA.Dr. Martin Bradley on behalf of National Grid Plc. and the Engineering and Physical
Sciences Research Council (EPSRC
Smart Service Innovation: Organization, Design, and Assessment
Background: The emergence of technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, and wireless communication drives the digital transformation of the entire society. Organizations can exploit these potentials by offering new data-driven services with innovative value propositions, such as carsharing, remote equipment maintenance, and energy management services. These services result from value co-creation enabled by smart service systems, which are configurations of people, processes, and digital technologies. However, developing such systems was found to be challenging in practice. This is mainly due to the difficulties of managing complexity and uncertainty in the innovation process, as contributions of various actors from multiple disciplines must be coordinated. Previous research in service innovation and service systems engineering (SSE) has not shed sufficient light on the specifics of smart services, while research on smart service systems lacks empirical grounding.
Purpose: This thesis aims to advance the understanding of the systematic development of smart services in multi-actor settings by investigating how smart service innovation (SSI) is conducted in practice, particularly regarding the participating actors, roles they assume, and methods they apply for designing smart service systems. Furthermore, the existing set of methods is extended by new methods for the design-integrated assessment of smart services and service business models.
Approach: Empirical and design science methods were combined to address the research questions. To explore how SSI is conducted in practice, 25 interviews with experts from 13 organizations were conducted in two rounds. Building on service-dominant logic (SDL) as a theoretical foundation and a multi-level framework for SSI, the involvement of actors, their activities, employed means, and experienced challenges were collected. Additionally, a case study was used to evaluate the suitability of the Lifecycle Modelling Language to describe smart service systems. Design science methods were applied to determine a useful combination of service design methods and to build meta-models and tools for assessing smart services. They were evaluated using experiments and the talk aloud method.
Results: On the macro-level, service ecosystems consist of various actors that conduct service innovation through the reconfiguration of resources. Collaboration of these actors is facilitated on the meso-level within a project. The structure and dynamics of project configurations can be described through a set of roles, innovation patterns, and ecosystem states. Four main activities have been identified, which actors perform to reduce uncertainty in the project. To guide their work, actors apply a variety of means from different disciplines to develop and document work products. The approach of design-integrated business model assessment is enabled through a meta-model that links qualitative aspects of service architectures and business models with quantitative assessment information. The evaluation of two tool prototypes showed the feasibility and benefit of this approach.
Originality / Value: The results reported in this thesis advance the understanding of smart service innovation. They contribute to evidence-based knowledge on service systems engineering and its embedding in service ecosystems. Specifically, the consideration of actors, roles, activities, and methods can enhance existing reference process models. Furthermore, the support of activities in such processes through suitable methods can stimulate discussions on how methods from different disciplines can be applied and combined for developing the various aspects of smart service systems. The underlying results help practitioners to better organize and conduct SSI projects. As potential roles in a service ecosystem depend on organizational capabilities, the presented results can support the analysis of exÂŹternal dependencies and develop strategies for building up internal competencies.:Abstract iii
Content Overview iv
List of Abbreviations viii
List of Tables x
List of Figures xii
PART A - SYNOPSIS 1
1 Introduction 2
1.1 Motivation 2
1.2 Research Objectives and Research Questions 4
1.3 Thesis Structure 6
2 Research Background 7
2.1 Smart Service Systems 7
2.2 Service-Dominant Logic 8
2.3 Service Innovation in Ecosystems 11
2.4 Systematic Development of Smart Service Systems 13
3 Research Approach 21
3.1 Research Strategy 21
3.2 Applied Research Methods 22
4 Summary of Findings 26
4.1 Overview of Research Results 26
4.2 Organizational Setup of Multi-Actor Smart Service Innovation 27
4.3 Conducting Smart Service Innovation Projects 32
4.4 Approaches for the Design-integrated Assessment of Smart Services 39
5 Discussion 44
5.1 Contributions 44
5.2 Limitations 46
5.3 Managerial Implications 47
5.4 Directions for Future Research 48
6 Conclusion 54
References 55
PART B - PUBLICATIONS 68
7 It Takes More than Two to Tango: Identifying Roles and Patterns in Multi-Actor Smart Service Innovation 69
7.1 Introduction 69
7.2 Research Background 72
7.3 Methodology 76
7.4 Results 79
7.5 Discussion 90
7.6 Conclusions and Outlook 96
7.7 References 97
8 Iterative Uncertainty Reduction in Multi-Actor Smart Service Innovation 100
8.1 Introduction 100
8.2 Research Background 103
8.3 Research Approach 109
8.4 Findings 113
8.5 Discussion 127
8.6 Conclusions and Outlook 131
8.7 References 133
9 How to Tame the Tiger â Exploring the Means, Ends, and Challenges in Smart Service Systems Engineering 139
9.1 Introduction 139
9.2 Research Background 140
9.3 Methodology 143
9.4 Results 145
9.5 Discussion and Conclusions 151
9.6 References 153
10 Combining Methods for the Design of Digital Services in Practice: Experiences from a Predictive Costing Service 156
10.1 Introduction 156
10.2 Conceptual Foundation 157
10.3 Preparing the Action Design Research Project 158
10.4 Application and Evaluation of Methods 160
10.5 Discussion and Formalization of Learning 167
10.6 Conclusion 169
10.7 References 170
11 Modelling of a Smart Service for Consumables Replenishment: A Life Cycle Perspective 171
11.1 Introduction 171
11.2 Life Cycles of Smart Services 173
11.3 Case Study 178
11.4 Discussion of the Modelling Approach 185
11.5 Conclusion and Outlook 187
11.6 References 188
12 Design-integrated Financial Assessment of Smart Services 192
12.1 Introduction 192
12.2 Problem Analysis 195
12.3 Meta-Model Design 200
12.4 Application of the Meta-Model in a Tool Prototype 204
12.5 Evaluation 206
12.6 Discussion 208
12.7 Conclusions 209
12.8 References 211
13 Towards a Cost-Benefit-Analysis of Data-Driven Business Models 215
13.1 Introduction 215
13.2 Conceptual Foundation 216
13.3 Methodology 218
13.4 Case Analysis 220
13.5 A Cost-Benefit-Analysis Model for DDBM 222
13.6 Conclusion and Outlook 225
13.7 References 226
14 Enabling Design-integrated Assessment of Service Business Models Through Factor Refinement 228
14.1 Introduction 228
14.2 Related Work 229
14.3 Research Goal and Method 230
14.4 Solution Design 231
14.5 Demonstration 234
14.6 Discussion 235
14.7 Conclusion 236
14.8 References 23