Forecast analysis of optical waveguide bus performance

Elements to be considered in the design of a data bus include: architecture; data rate; modulation, encoding, detection; power distribution requirements; protocol, work structure; bus reliability, maintainability; interterminal transmission medium; cost; and others specific to application. Fiber- optic data bus considerations for a 32 port transmissive star architecture, are discussed in a tutorial format. General optical-waveguide bus concepts, are reviewed. The electrical and optical performance of a 32 port transmissive star bus, and the effects of temperature on the performance of optical-waveguide buses are examined. A bibliography of pertinent references and the bus receiver test results are included

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA VIDEO TUTORIAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN DASAR DESAIN GRAFIS DI SMK (Studi Kuasi Eksperimen pada Siswa Kelas X Program Keahlian Teknologi dan Jaringan SMK Negeri 2 Bandung)

Pada pendidikan abad 21 peserta didik diharapkan dapat berinovasi, berkomunikasi dan memiliki kreativitas. Pada Global Creativity Index 2015, Indonesia menduduki peringkat yang rendah. Untuk itu diperlukan penelitian yang menjawab permasalahan berkaitan dengan penggunaan media video tutorial terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui adanya pengaruh penggunaan media video tutorial terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada mata pelajaran dasar desain grafis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif pada metode kuasi eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group design. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes tertulis berbentuk uraian. Dari hasil total skor post test setelah diberikan perlakuan antara kelas kontrol yang menggunakan media power point dan kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan media video tutorial pada kegiatan pembelajaran, dimana hasil total skor post test pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 963 dengan rata-rata 32,10. Sedangkan total skor post test pada kelas kontrol sebesar 876 dengan rata-rata 25,76. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t-independent sample test, terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa antara yang menggunakan media video tutorial dengan yang menggunakan media power point. Penggunaan media video tutorial secara signifikan mempengaruhi kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada aspek berpikir kelancaran, keluwesan, merinci dan orisinal. Media video tutorial membuat penyampaian materi menjadi lebih bermakna dan merangsang siswa untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatifnya karena dalam penggunaan media video tutorial, siswa dapat memutar ulang video tutorial jika dirasa belum memahami dan dapat pula dihentikan sejenak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media video tutorial dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa secara signifikan pada pembelajaran dasar desain grafis di SMK. Kata Kunci: Media; Video Tutorial; Berpikir Kreatif In the 21st century students are expected to be able to innovate, communicate and have creativity. In the 2015 Global Creativity Index, Indonesia ranked low. For this reason, research is needed that answers the problems related to the use of video tutorial media on the ability to think creatively. This study aims to determine the effect of using video tutorial media on students' creative thinking ability in basic graphic design subjects. This study used a quantitative approach with the quasi-experimental method with the design of nonequivalent control group design. The technique of collecting data was a written test in the form of a description. From the total score of the post test after being given treatment between the control class using power point media and the experimental class using video tutorial media on learning activities, where the total score of the post test score on the experimental class was 963 with an average of 32.10. While the total post test score in the control class was 876 with an average of 25.76. Based on the results of hypothesis testing using the t-independent sample test, there were differences in the improvement of students' creative thinking ability between those who used video tutorial media and those using power point media. The use of video tutorial media significantly influences students' creative thinking ability in aspects of fluency, flexibility, detail and original thinking. The video tutorial media made the delivery of material more meaningful and stimulates students to improve their creative thinking ability because in the use of video tutorial media, students could replay the video tutorial if they felt they did not understood and could also be paused. It can be concluded that the use of video tutorial media can significantly improve students' creative thinking ability in basic graphic design learning in vocational schools. Keywords: Media; Video Tutorial; Creative Thinkin

A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model for optimal reconfiguration of DC distribution feeders

This paper deals with the optimal reconfiguration problem of DC distribution networks by proposing a new mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation. This MINLP model focuses on minimising the power losses in the distribution lines by reformulating the classical power balance equations through a branch-to-node incidence matrix. The general algebraic modelling system (GAMS) is chosen as a solution tool, showing in tutorial form the implementation of the proposed MINLP model in a 6-nodes test feeder with 10 candidate lines. The validation of the MINLP formulation is performed in two classical 10-nodes DC test feeders. These are typically used for power flow and optimal power flow analyses. Numerical results demonstrate that power losses are reduced by about 16% when the optimal reconfiguration plan is found. The numerical validations are made in the GAMS software licensed by Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar

How many participants do we have to include in properly powered experiments? A tutorial of power analysis with reference tables

Given that an effect size of d = .4 is a good first estimate of the smallest effect size of interest in psychological research, we already need over 50 participants for a simple comparison of two within-participants conditions if we want to run a study with 80% power. This is more than current practice. In addition, as soon as a between-groups variable or an interaction is involved, numbers of 100, 200, and even more participants are needed. As long as we do not accept these facts, we will keep on running underpowered studies with unclear results. Addressing the issue requires a change in the way research is evaluated by supervisors, examiners, reviewers, and editors. The present paper describes reference numbers needed for the designs most often used by psychologists, including single-variable between-groups and repeated-measures designs with two and three levels, two-factor designs involving two repeated-measures variables or one between-groups variable and one repeated-measures variable (split-plot design). The numbers are given for the traditional, frequentist analysis with p 10. These numbers provide researchers with a standard to determine (and justify) the sample size of an upcoming study. The article also describes how researchers can improve the power of their study by including multiple observations per condition per participant

Empowering statistical methods for cellular and molecular biologists.

We provide guidelines for using statistical methods to analyze the types of experiments reported in cellular and molecular biology journals such as Molecular Biology of the Cell. Our aim is to help experimentalists use these methods skillfully, avoid mistakes, and extract the maximum amount of information from their laboratory work. We focus on comparing the average values of control and experimental samples. A Supplemental Tutorial provides examples of how to analyze experimental data using R software

Trends and challenges in VLSI technology scaling towards 100 nm

Summary form only given. Moore's Law drives VLSI technology to continuous increases in transistor densities and higher clock frequencies. This tutorial will review the trends in VLSI technology scaling in the last few years and discuss the challenges facing process and circuit engineers in the 100nm generation and beyond. The first focus area is the process technology, including transistor scaling trends and research activities for the 100nm technology node and beyond. The transistor leakage and interconnect RC delays will continue to increase. The tutorial will review new circuit design techniques for emerging process technologies, including dual Vt transistors and silicon-on-insulator. It will also cover circuit and layout techniques to reduce clock distribution skew and jitter, model and reduce transistor leakage and improve the electrical performance of flip-chip packages. Finally, the tutorial will review the test challenges for the 100nm technology node due to increased clock frequency and power consumption (both active and passive) and present several potential solution

Instantaneous p-q power theory for control of compensators in micro-grids

The main objective of this tutorial is to present the basic concepts on the instantaneous p-q Theory and them show its applicability for controlling switching converters connected in a micro-grid. These converters can be used for connecting renewable energy sources (solar, wind, and others) to the micro-grids or for harmonic, reactive power or unbalance compensation, and even for voltage regulation. The emphasis is given on the compensation characteristics derived from the p-q Theory, and simulation results of test cases are shown. Special attention is put on the oscillating component of the instantaneous real power, as it may produce torque oscillations or frequency variations in weak systems (micro-grids) generators. This oscillating component, as defined in the p-q Theory, gives the amount of oscillating energy between the source and the load, and its compensation through a switching compensator must have an energy storage element to exchange it with the load. With the p-q Theory the energy storage element can be easily calculated as a function of the average component of the instantaneous real power, which depends on the observation period.The authors acknowledge the support from FAPERJ partially for the development of this study and especially for the financial support for the participation in the conference