75 research outputs found

    For the sake of the Argument : explorations into argument-based reasoning

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    Riet, R.P. van de [Promotor]Prakken, H. [Copromotor

    Eveline T. Feteris: Fundamentals of legal argumentation

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    Thirty years of Artificial Intelligence and Law:the second decade

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    The first issue of Artificial Intelligence and Law journal was published in 1992. This paper provides commentaries on nine significant papers drawn from the Journal’s second decade. Four of the papers relate to reasoning with legal cases, introducing contextual considerations, predicting outcomes on the basis of natural language descriptions of the cases, comparing different ways of representing cases, and formalising precedential reasoning. One introduces a method of analysing arguments that was to become very widely used in AI and Law, namely argumentation schemes. Two relate to ontologies for the representation of legal concepts and two take advantage of the increasing availability of legal corpora in this decade, to automate document summarisation and for the mining of arguments

    Informal Logic: A 'Canadian' Approach to Argument

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    The informal logic movement began as an attempt to develop – and teach – an alternative logic which can account for the real life arguing that surrounds us in our daily lives – in newspapers and the popular media, political and social commentary, advertising, and interpersonal exchange. The movement was rooted in research and discussion in Canada and especially at the University of Windsor, and has become a branch of argumentation theory which intersects with related traditions and approaches (notably formal logic, rhetoric and dialectics in the form of pragma-dialectics). In this volume, some of the best known contributors to the movement discuss their views and the reasoning and argument which is informal logic’s subject matter. Many themes and issues are explored in a way that will fuel the continued evolution of the field. Federico Puppo adds an insightful essay which considers the origins and development of informal logic and whether informal logicians are properly described as a “school” of thought. In considering that proposition, Puppo introduces readers to a diverse range of essays, some of them previously published, others written specifically for this volume

    JURI SAYS:An Automatic Judgement Prediction System for the European Court of Human Rights

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    In this paper we present the web platform JURI SAYS that automatically predicts decisions of the European Court of Human Rights based on communicated cases, which are published by the court early in the proceedings and are often available many years before the final decision is made. Our system therefore predicts future judgements of the court. The platform is available at jurisays.com and shows the predictions compared to the actual decisions of the court. It is automatically updated every month by including the prediction for the new cases. Additionally, the system highlights the sentences and paragraphs that are most important for the prediction (i.e. violation vs. no violation of human rights)

    Rational Architecture: Reasoning about Enterprise Dynamics

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    A history of AI and Law in 50 papers: 25 years of the international conference on AI and Law

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    Structures, commitments and games in strategic conversations

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    Les effets d'une action linguistique dépendent du contexte. Cela pose plusieurs questions, auxquelles il est essentiel qu'un modèle linguistique réponde: comment représenter le contexte conversationnel, la façon dont celui-ci influe sur le "sens" de chaque contribution et sur le choix rationnel fait par un agent de ce qu'il va dire ensuite? Il existe plusieurs théories de la structure du discours, mais celles-ci ne s'accordent pas sur un ensemble précis de contraintes structurelles régissant le contexte conversationnel. Nous proposons un formalisme unifié pour traduire et comparer entre théories et représentations distinctes et nous étudions les fondations axiomatiques d'une mesure de déviation 'sémantique' entre deux contextes conversationnels, et de l'impact de l'entrée de nouveaux éléments dans le contexte sur cette deviation. Un second travail porte sur l'interaction entre forme logique et rationnalité dans les conversations, plus spécifiquement, lorsque les intérêts des participants divergent. Nous proposons un modèle en théorie des jeux, dans lequel une conversation est une séquence infinie de coups linguistiques. Dans ce cadre nous formalisons certaines contraintes linguistiques génériques comme des conditions nécessaires au succès d'un agent (rester consistant, cohérent, crédible). Les préférences des agents sont décrites par des contenus auxquels ceux-ci souhaitent, ou ne souhaitent pas s'engager. Crucialement, on peut justifier et expliquer via des considérations sémantiques le choix des objectifs conversationnels des agents, et montrer quand et comment certaines inferences (implicatures) survivent ou disparaissent. Cela nécessite une sémantique adéquate, pour l'obtenir nous définissons une logique modale dynamique des engagements publics. Celle-ci permet de représenter les déclaration des participants vis-à-vis de leur propre engagements et de ceux de leurs interlocuteurs. Cela permet enfin un modèle de "grounding" a granularité plus fine que les approches existantes, qui demeurent cependant axiomatisable comme des cas particulier.The effects of a linguistic action depend on its context of use. This raises a certain number of issues for a model of language use: how to represent the conversational context, its relation to the meanings that agents convey, and how to model agents' rational choice of the next thing to say, in context? There is, between existing theories of discourse structure, no general agreement on a precise set of structural constraints governing the conversational context. To remedy this, we propose a unified framewok to translate and compare between distinct theories and representations. We then lay the axiomatic foundations of metrics measuring the semantic deviation between two conversational contexts, and the changes brought into such a deviation, as new moves enter the context. A second body of work focuses on the modeling of conversational meaning and its interaction with that of rationnality in conversations, more specifically strategic dialogs, where the interest of the participants diverge. We propose a game theoretic account of such conversations, as infinite sequences of linguistic moves. We formalize linguistic constraints that are generic necessary conditions on successful plays (staying coherent, consistent, credible), and describe agents' preferences in terms of the contents that agents commit to. Crucially, we can describe a player's objective and explain why it is adopted on semantic grounds. We show on this basis how and when inferences to non-litteral meaning survives or are cancelled. As this requires a semantics expressive enough, we define a dynamic logic of public commitments to represent participants' commitments about the content of theirs, or their opponent's moves, and keep those representations subject to a sound notion of logical consequence (and hence, of consistency). This yields an account of acknowledgment and grounding more formal and fine-grained than traditional approaches, recoverable as particular cases

    Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Nonmonotonic Reasoning

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    These are the proceedings of the 11th Nonmonotonic Reasoning Workshop. The aim of this series is to bring together active researchers in the broad area of nonmonotonic reasoning, including belief revision, reasoning about actions, planning, logic programming, argumentation, causality, probabilistic and possibilistic approaches to KR, and other related topics. As part of the program of the 11th workshop, we have assessed the status of the field and discussed issues such as: Significant recent achievements in the theory and automation of NMR; Critical short and long term goals for NMR; Emerging new research directions in NMR; Practical applications of NMR; Significance of NMR to knowledge representation and AI in general
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