Appalachia\u27s Path to Dependency: Rethinking a Region\u27s Economic History, 1730-1940

In Appalachia’s Path to Dependency, Paul Salstrom examines the evolution of economic life over time in southern Appalachia. Moving away from the colonial model to an analysis based on dependency, he exposes the complex web of factors—regulation of credit, industrialization, population growth, cultural values, federal intervention—that has worked against the region. Salstrom argues that economic adversity has resulted from three types of disadvantages: natural, market, and political. The overall context in which Appalachia’s economic life unfolded was one of expanding United States markets and, after the Civil War, of expanding capitalist relations. Covering Appalachia’s economic history from early white settlement to the end of the New Deal, this work is not simply an economic interpretation but draws as well on other areas of history. Whereas other interpretations of Appalachia’s economy have tended to seek social or psychological explanations for its dependency, this important work compels us to look directly at the region’s economic history. This regional perspective offers a clear-eyed view of Appalachia’s path in the future. Paul Salstrom is associate professor of history at Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College and author of From Pioneering to Persevering: Family Farming in Indiana to 1880. Offers a comprehensive explanation for the persistence of economic dependency in southern Appalachia. . . . A provocative book that should stimulate further debate. -- American Historical Review An imaginative and provocative piece that will inform further work for many years, for it preserves a point of view that deserves such an impressive presentation. -- American Studies A strong contribution to the economic history of Appalachia and the study of Appalachian culture. -- Journal of Appalachian Studies A powerful and reasoned argument for a new synthesis on the emergence of Appalachian dependency. . . . Summarizes much of the ‘new rural history’ and applies it to our understanding of Appalachian history. . . . Takes our understanding of the historical trends which shaped Appalachian dependency to a new level. -- Ronald D Eller, author of Uneven Ground Steeped in the comparative history of economic development, Paul Salstrom . . . makes an astute, original and deeply researched analysis of the region’s history, merging in a nondoctrinaire way the insights of both new-Marxists and neo-classicists. Anyone interested in how a once independent people became dependents on a federal largesse, and destructive to themselves as well as to the land, will find this study richly illuminating -- Donald Worster, Hall Distinguished Professor of American History at the University of Kansashttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_appalachian_studies/1000/thumbnail.jp

Indigenous peoples and the press: a study of Taiwan

Indigenous peoples and the press: a study of Taiwa

City Space + Globalization: An International Perspective

City, Space, + Globalization presents ways in which globalization affects the built environment of people in cities around the world. Architects, urban planners, geographers, historians and sociologists address topics ranging from transportation to historic preservation, from housing for different population sectors to economic change and city growth patterns. A significant common element of these papers is their shared concern with the life space of city fabric, beyond economics, beyond world markets and world trade. This life space is the neighborhood and community space of city residents. It refers to memory, to history, to tradition in the face of homogenizing global forces.https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/books_fac/1002/thumbnail.jp

South African small business growth through interfirm linkages

Economic stagnation in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970 is well documented. While the causes are varied, the paradigm of nationalistic state-led economic development has changed. Economic development occurs in a global marketplace. Manufacturing has shifted from developed to less developed countries, an opportunity that was seized in Asia and Latin America. South Africa’s labour, unskilled and costly by world standards, is at a disadvantage as an agile and competitive world market seeks skilled labour at the lowest cost. South Africa’s Gear economic policy suggests that 300 000 new jobs need to be created annually until 2004 in order to reduce unemployment. Small, medium and microenterprise growth is central to meeting this target. Numerous government structures to assist small enterprises have been created. Few, however, assist small business with the demands of the marketplace. Most focus on generic skills training and questionable small business finance. This thesis suggests that interfirm linkages between large and small enterprises is one strategy that can assist the growth of small business, create employment and, increase labour skills. International experience shows that generic training is less effective in promoting small business than linking business training to actual market-demands. Interfirm linkages, most often through subcontracting, is a strategy used successfully in Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia and Brazil. Such linkages are usually government supported and provide incentives for both large and small businesses to work together productively. Three South African interfirm linkage case studies are critiqued. Case study findings indicate that interfirm linkages expose emerging businesses to market conditions, and can provide access to process technology training, low cost raw materials, creative finance, and new markets. Small business ‘learns by doing’ and also ‘learns while earning’. The state has a role in the development of a vibrant small, medium and microenterprise sector in South Africa. Current support strategies are largely unrelated to market conditions. Interfirm linkages are an approach that applies market forces in the development of small business. Government policy would be wisely directed to support such business interactions

Education and National Development

The New England Regional Meeting of the Comparative and International Education Society was held on the campus of Springfield College on April 29, 1977. The Conference was co-sponsored by the Division of Community Education, Springfield College, and the Center for International Education, University of Massachusetts. The theme of the conference was Education and National Development. The papers delivered ranged in topics from a global perspective to the use of ethnic and multicultural education to assist in national development. Case studies of specific cultural areas highlight the conference. The papers provided a format for discussing and recording the experiences and research endeavors of the participants. A total of fourteen papers were delivered. This publication contains the papers delivered at the Conference

Global Symposium on Women in Fisheries

All over the world, women contribute in multiple ways to the production, processing, marketing and management of fish and other living aquatic resources. The first ever Global Symposium on Women in Fisheries, held in Kaohsiung, Taiwan on 29 November 2001 generated the present collection of papers on women in fisheries. The reader of this volume will find in it a wealth of information, albeit in a very heterogeneous form, that the authors have had to draw from many different sources. Some are primary research studies whereas most are historical reviews from first hand experience of the authors or derived from other written materials, often contained in reports of fisheries development projects, newspapers and source materials well outside the fish sectors.Women, Participation, Sustainability, Poverty, Fisheries, Development projects, Fishery technology

Family Planning Operations Research: A Book of Readings

For as long as there have been family planning programs, there has been family planning research. At the theoretical level, researchers examine the effect of fertility on health and socioeconomic development and study the determinants of fertility for individuals and populations. At the policy level, studies explore the role of family planning programs in modifying fertility and health. The development of new contraceptives is accompanied by clinical and pre-introductory trials in program settings. Surveys measure changes in contraceptive use and fertility, and the results are used to make decisions affecting programs. Finally, programs themselves carry out operations research (OR) to improve service delivery. This book provides an overview of how OR is used by family planning programs. The readings illustrate many of the major issues and topics that have benefited from OR, as well as many of the research designs encountered among OR studies. The book also provides information about the problems that programs and researchers encounter in carrying out OR and the challenges faced in translating research findings into changes in day-to-day program operations

Shaping environmental “justices”

This thesis investigates the concept of environmental justice (EJ) by tracing its origins, the process of its shaping and reshaping, and its adoption in Taiwan. EJ addresses the phenomenon of disproportionate distribution of environmental risks among social groups. As no one can actually “see” how risks are distributed, one has no choice but to rely on scientific (or other) techniques to visualise and then conceptualise these risks. After so doing, EJ has been turned into specific indicators to gauge EJ/injustice and the technical methods to measure it, even though the scope of these concerns is much broader and goes far beyond the technical. Using detailed historical exposition in tandem with interviews, this thesis seeks to demonstrate the processes that have led to the dominant constructions of environmental justice. The main argument of this thesis is that the phenomenon of EJ/injustice is a condensation of power relations/struggle, and the discourses that describe and the measures that gauge it are an expression of this struggle. Specifically, in this thesis I attempt to show that EJ is being constructed through the very process of debate among EJ supporters and with their challengers. Seen from this angle, this thesis shows that the conceptions of EJ differ and are mutable. To say that these conceptions change is not to deny that there is environmental injustice, but to recognise that the key characteristics can be categorised or explained differently. This research discloses that claims about EJ can be framed in much greater variety in terms of identity, difference, territory and governance. This thesis suggests that although understanding EJ through specific indicators and some sorts of techniques are necessary, a just society cannot be achieved through scientific research alone. The question of how much or what sort of data is sufficient to prove the existence of (in)justice is not a scientific one, but a social one. Our research could become much more meaningful if we recognise the specificity and limitations of the dominant approach and if the phenomenon of EJ/injustice is put in context. To achieve this, our intellectual endeavours should be properly conceived as being about a theory of endless political struggles over the issue, rather than simply about “discovering” EJ