An analysis of the historical effectiveness of anti-ship cruise missiles in littoral warfare

This thesis examines the historical effectiveness of anti-ship cruise missiles used in littoral warfare. Missile in leakage rates, probability of hit on a given target, and small combatant staying power with respect to Exocet missile equivalents are derived from historical data. These parameters are extended to modern U. S. warships displacing 7,000 tons or less, which are expected to operate in littoral waters, to determine the number of missiles needed in a salvo to inflict a combat kill or sink the warship. Littoral warfare, Anti-ship cruise missiles, Warship staying power, Ship vulnerability, Survivabilityhttp://archive.org/details/analysisofhistor00schuLieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Impacts of the Robotics Age on Naval Force Design,Effectiveness, and Acquisition

The twenty-first century will see the emergence of maritime powers that have the capacity and capability to challenge the U.S. Navy for control of the seas. Unfortunately, the Navy’s ability to react to emerging maritime powers’ rapid growth and technological advancement is constrained by its own planning, ac- quisition, and political processes. Introducing our own technology advances is hindered as well.

The salvo combat model with area fire

This paper analyzes versions of the salvo model of missile combat where area fire is used by one or both sides in a battle. While these models share some properties with the area fire Lanchester model and the aimed fire salvo model, they also display some interesting differences, especially over the course of several salvos. Whereas the relative size of each force is important with aimed fire, with area fire it is the absolute size that matters. Similarly, while aimed fire exhibits square law behavior, area fire shows approximately linear behavior. When one side uses area and the other uses aimed fire, the model displays a mix of square and linear law behavior

China Maritime Report No. 31: China\u27s Submarine Industrial Base: State-Led Innovation with Chinese Characteristics

In recent years, China’s naval industries have made tremendous progress supporting the modernization of the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) submarine force, both through robust commitment to research and development (R&D) and the upgrading of production infrastructure at the country’s three submarine shipyards: Bohai Shipyard, Huludao; Wuchang Shipyard, Wuhan; and Jiangnan Shipyard, Shanghai. Nevertheless, China’s submarine industrial base continues to suffer from surprising weaknesses in propulsion (from marine diesels to fuel cells) and submarine quieting. Closer ties with Russia could provide opportunities for China to overcome these enduring technological limitations by exploiting political and economic levers to gain access to Russia’s remaining undersea technology secrets.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-maritime-reports/1030/thumbnail.jp

THE IRANIAN MARITIME CHALLENGE

Iran is the leading challenge to the United States and its partners and allies in the Middle East. Nowhere is this challenge more pronounced than in the maritime domain, where Iran’s naval power continues to dwarf that of its neighbors in the Persian Gulf. This thesis explores the threat Iran poses by examining the extensive maritime capabilities of its two navies, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps Navy (IRGCN) and the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy (IRIN), and how those forces have employed their capabilities in past aggressive behavior. The thesis highlights three primary cases to that end: Iran’s attacks on commercial shipping during the Tanker War, the brief hostage-taking of U.S. Sailors near Farsi Island, and the repeated use of harassment tactics and sabotage operations. Through those cases studies, a broader assessment is made regarding the degree of Iran’s ability to use its capabilities to close the Strait of Hormuz for an extended period and its ability to effectively employ kinetic swarm attacks against the U.S. Navy. This study concludes with some recommendations for the U.S. Navy on ways to better plan for, and counter, Iran’s likely tactical pathways of aggression at sea.Lieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

A military effectiveness analysis and decision making framework for naval ship design and acquisition

Thesis (S.M. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering; and, S.M. in Ocean Systems Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2003.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-100).This research develops a new framework for performing military effectiveness analyses and design tradeoff decisions. It provides an extensive survey of literature for effectiveness analysis and multi-criteria decision making to develop a single consistent philosophy for such analyses. This philosophy is applied to a requirements and effectiveness analysis case study of a conventional submarine that is performed using Response Surface Methods to facilitate design space visualization and decision maker interaction. Measures of Merit are developed and applied to the case study. The resulting requirements space and methods to visualize and explore it in a decision making context are presented and discussed Lastly, a framework is proposed that would facilitate the concurrent consideration of requirements and effectiveness analyses with design and technology forecasting to create a Unified Tradeoff Environment that would provide decision makers with pertinent information to facilitate better informed requirements derivation and design selection.by John C. Hootman.S.M.in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering; and, S.M.in Ocean Systems Managemen

Vulnerability analysis of an all-electric warship

CIVINS (Civilian Institutions) Thesis documentTraditional design processes usually rely on cost as the metric the designer uses to select among different alternatives. Sometimes when costs cannot be calculated we use weight, volume and efficiency as surrogates for cost. However minimizing costs does not necessarily give us the best design for a particular mission; this is particularly true for military ships. Proposals to include such considerations as quality of service and survivability as metrics to be used in a multi objective design process or as constraints have appeared in the literature. A tool that analyzes survivability of distributed systems at early stage design does not exist. In this thesis we develop a metric for survivability suitable for early stage design of destroyers.http://archive.org/details/vulnerabilitynal109454942Contract number: N62271-97-G-0026.CIVINSApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

China's Foreign Conventional Arms Acquisitions: Background and Analysis

This report examines the major, foreign conventional weapon systems that China has acquired or has committed to acquire since 1990, with particular attention to implications for U.S. security concerns. It is not the assumption of this report that China’s military, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), will engage in conflict with other forces in Asia. Nonetheless, since the mid-1990s, there has been increasing concern about China’s assertiveness in Asia and greater threats against Taiwan

Red Perimeter Defeated: U.S. Naval Supremacy, Competitive Adaptation, and the Third Battle of the Atlantic, 1946-1981

This dissertation examines the long-term military competition between the U.S. and Soviet navies during 1946-81. It investigates the dynamics of naval posture change by integrating insights from military innovation theory with in-depth process tracing, thus providing a much-improved understanding of the Cold War at sea during the most decisive phases of the 'Third Battle of the Atlantic'

An Integrated Approach to Naval Ship Survivability in Preliminary Ship Design

Alongside deploying weapons and sensors what makes a warship distinct is survivability, being the measure that enables a warship to survive in a militarily hostile environment. The rising cost of warship procurement, coupled with declining defence budgets, has led to a reduction in the number of ships in most western navies. Moreover, cost cutting is often aimed at aspects which may be difficult to quantify, such as survivability, and can lead to potentially inadequate designs. Innovation in both the design process and the design of individual ships is, therefore, necessary, especially at the crucial early design stages. Computer technology can be utilised to exploit architecturally orientated preliminary design approaches which can address innovation early in the ship design process and in issues such as survivability. A number of survivability assessment tools currently exist; however, most fail to integrate all survivability constituents (i.e. susceptibility, vulnerability and recoverability), in that they are unable to balance between the component aspects of survivability. Some are qualitative, therefore less than ideal for requirement specification, others are aimed towards the detailed design stages where implementing changes is heavily constrained or even impractical. Since a ship’s survivability is dependent on layout, the approach adopted in this research takes advantage of an architecturally orientated ship design approach applicable to early stage design. Such a method is proposed and demonstrated on five combatant (including a trimaran configuration) and two auxiliary ship design studies. The proposed method combines various tools used by UCL and the UK Ministry of Defence, as well as a new approach for recoverability assessment and, therefore, tackles difficulties currently associated with the latter (e.g.: lack of data, human performance and time dependence) by using weighted performance measures. An overall approach for survivability assessment has been applied across the range of designs produced and conclusions drawn on their relative merits for overall survivability. The approach and implications of the integration of survivability assessment in the preliminary ship design stages, as well as the identification of major survivability design drivers, are discussed. Through the identification of problematic topics, areas for further research are suggested. It is envisaged that this research will assist in developing the design process of what are, according to Captain C. Graham, USN, “the most complex, diverse and highly integrated of any engineering systems” produced today on a regular basis