4,332 research outputs found
Bank Networks from Text: Interrelations, Centrality and Determinants
In the wake of the still ongoing global financial crisis, bank
interdependencies have come into focus in trying to assess linkages among banks
and systemic risk. To date, such analysis has largely been based on numerical
data. By contrast, this study attempts to gain further insight into bank
interconnections by tapping into financial discourse. We present a
text-to-network process, which has its basis in co-occurrences of bank names
and can be analyzed quantitatively and visualized. To quantify bank importance,
we propose an information centrality measure to rank and assess trends of bank
centrality in discussion. For qualitative assessment of bank networks, we put
forward a visual, interactive interface for better illustrating network
structures. We illustrate the text-based approach on European Large and Complex
Banking Groups (LCBGs) during the ongoing financial crisis by quantifying bank
interrelations and centrality from discussion in 3M news articles, spanning
2007Q1 to 2014Q3.Comment: Quantitative Finance, forthcoming in 201
Mapping systemic risk: critical degree and failures distribution in financial networks
The 2008 financial crisis illustrated the need for a thorough, functional
understanding of systemic risk in strongly interconnected financial structures.
Dynamic processes on complex networks being intrinsically difficult, most
recent studies of this problem have relied on numerical simulations. Here we
report analytical results in a network model of interbank lending based on
directly relevant financial parameters, such as interest rates and leverage
ratios. Using a mean-field approach, we obtain a closed-form formula for the
"critical degree", viz. the number of creditors per bank below which an
individual shock can propagate throughout the network. We relate the failures
distribution (probability that a single shock induces failures) to the
degree distribution (probability that a bank has creditors), showing in
particular that the former is fat-tailed whenever the latter is. Our criterion
for the onset of contagion turns out to be isomorphic to the condition for
cooperation to evolve on graphs and social networks, as recently formulated in
evolutionary game theory. This remarkable connection supports recent calls for
a methodological rapprochement between finance and ecology.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
Epidemics of Liquidity Shortages in Interbank Markets
Financial contagion from liquidity shocks has being recently ascribed as a
prominent driver of systemic risk in interbank lending markets. Building on
standard compartment models used in epidemics, in this work we develop an EDB
(Exposed-Distressed-Bankrupted) model for the dynamics of liquidity shocks
reverberation between banks, and validate it on electronic market for interbank
deposits data. We show that the interbank network was highly susceptible to
liquidity contagion at the beginning of the 2007/2008 global financial crisis,
and that the subsequent micro-prudential and liquidity hoarding policies
adopted by banks increased the network resilience to systemic risk---yet with
the undesired side effect of drying out liquidity from the market. We finally
show that the individual riskiness of a bank is better captured by its network
centrality than by its participation to the market, along with the currently
debated concept of "too interconnected to fail"
Ubiquitous Emotion Analytics and How We Feel Today
Emotions are complicated. Humans feel deeply, and it can be hard to bring clarity to those depths, to communicate about feelings, or to understand others’ emotional states. Indeed, this emotional confusion is one of the biggest challenges of deciphering our humanity. However, a kind of hope might be on the horizon, in the form of emotion analytics: computerized tools for recognizing and responding to emotion. This analysis explores how emotion analytics may reflect the current status of humans’ regard for emotion. Emotion need no longer be a human sense of vague, indefinable feelings; instead, emotion is in the process of becoming a legible, standardized commodity that can be sold, managed, and altered to suit the needs of those in power. Emotional autonomy and authority can be surrendered to those technologies in exchange for perceived self-determination. Emotion analytics promises a new orderliness to the messiness of human emotions, suggesting that our current state of emotional uncertainty is inadequate and intolerable
A systemic risk assessment of OTC derivatives reforms and skin-in-the-game for CCPs
The G20 OTC (over-the-counter) derivatives reforms impose large collateral/liquidity demands on clearing members of Central Counterparty (CCP) clearing platforms in the form of initial margins, variation margins and contributions to the default fund. In Heath et al. (2016), it was shown how this introduces a trade-off between liquidity risk and solvency risk with the system manifesting considerable systemic risk from these two sources of risk while CCP penetration is at current levels. The authors extend this analysis to include the European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) skin-in-the-game requirements for CCPs, which aim to ameliorate the contributions to the default fund by clearing members and also to prevent moral hazard problems associated with the too-interconnected-to-fail (TITF) status of CCPs as more and more derivatives are centrally cleared. The authors provide a systemic risk assessment of these features of the OTC derivatives reforms using network analysis based on 2015-end data on the derivatives positions for 40 globally systemically important banks (G-SIBs)
Cascading Failures in Bi-partite Graphs: Model for Systemic Risk Propagation
As economic entities become increasingly interconnected, a shock in a
financial network can provoke significant cascading failures throughout the
system. To study the systemic risk of financial systems, we create a bi-partite
banking network model composed of banks and bank assets and propose a cascading
failure model to describe the risk propagation process during crises. We
empirically test the model with 2007 US commercial banks balance sheet data and
compare the model prediction of the failed banks with the real failed banks
after 2007. We find that our model efficiently identifies a significant portion
of the actual failed banks reported by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
The results suggest that this model could be useful for systemic risk stress
testing for financial systems. The model also identifies that commercial rather
than residential real estate assets are major culprits for the failure of over
350 US commercial banks during 2008-2011.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Systemic Risk and the Ripple Effect in the Supply Chain
Supply chains are highly complex systems, and disruptions may ripple through these systems in unexpected ways, but they may also start in unexpected ways. We investigate the causes of ripple effect through the lens of systemic risk. We derive supply chain systemic risk from the finance discipline where sources of risk are found in systemic risk-taking, contagion, and amplification mechanisms. In a supply chain context, we identify three dimensions that influence systemic risk, the nature of a disruption, the structure, and dependency of the supply chain, and the decision-making. Within these three dimensions, there are several factors including correlation of risk, compounding effects, cyclical linkages, counterparty risk, herding behavior, and misaligned incentives. These factors are often invisible to decision makers, and they may operate in tandem to exacerbate ripple effect. We highlight these systemic risks, and we encourage further research to understand their nature and to mitigate their effect
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