Improving Collection Understanding for Web Archives with Storytelling: Shining Light Into Dark and Stormy Archives

Collections are the tools that people use to make sense of an ever-increasing number of archived web pages. As collections themselves grow, we need tools to make sense of them. Tools that work on the general web, like search engines, are not a good fit for these collections because search engines do not currently represent multiple document versions well. Web archive collections are vast, some containing hundreds of thousands of documents. Thousands of collections exist, many of which cover the same topic. Few collections include standardized metadata. Too many documents from too many collections with insufficient metadata makes collection understanding an expensive proposition. This dissertation establishes a five-process model to assist with web archive collection understanding. This model aims to produce a social media story – a visualization with which most web users are familiar. Each social media story contains surrogates which are summaries of individual documents. These surrogates, when presented together, summarize the topic of the story. After applying our storytelling model, they summarize the topic of a web archive collection. We develop and test a framework to select the best exemplars that represent a collection. We establish that algorithms produced from these primitives select exemplars that are otherwise undiscoverable using conventional search engine methods. We generate story metadata to improve the information scent of a story so users can understand it better. After an analysis showing that existing platforms perform poorly for web archives and a user study establishing the best surrogate type, we generate document metadata for the exemplars with machine learning. We then visualize the story and document metadata together and distribute it to satisfy the information needs of multiple personas who benefit from our model. Our tools serve as a reference implementation of our Dark and Stormy Archives storytelling model. Hypercane selects exemplars and generates story metadata. MementoEmbed generates document metadata. Raintale visualizes and distributes the story based on the story metadata and the document metadata of these exemplars. By providing understanding immediately, our stories save users the time and effort of reading thousands of documents and, most importantly, help them understand web archive collections

Developing front-end Web 2.0 technologies to access services, content and things in the future Internet

The future Internet is expected to be composed of a mesh of interoperable web services accessible from all over the web. This approach has not yet caught on since global user?service interaction is still an open issue. This paper states one vision with regard to next-generation front-end Web 2.0 technology that will enable integrated access to services, contents and things in the future Internet. In this paper, we illustrate how front-ends that wrap traditional services and resources can be tailored to the needs of end users, converting end users into prosumers (creators and consumers of service-based applications). To do this, we propose an architecture that end users without programming skills can use to create front-ends, consult catalogues of resources tailored to their needs, easily integrate and coordinate front-ends and create composite applications to orchestrate services in their back-end. The paper includes a case study illustrating that current user-centred web development tools are at a very early stage of evolution. We provide statistical data on how the proposed architecture improves these tools. This paper is based on research conducted by the Service Front End (SFE) Open Alliance initiative

Assessing Web Services Interfaces with Lightweight Semantic Basis

In the last years, Web Services have become the technological choice to materialize the Service-Oriented Computing paradigm. However, a broad use of Web Services requires efficient approaches to allow service consumption from within applications. Currently, developers are compelled to search for suitable services mainly by manually exploring Web catalogs, which usually show poorly relevant information, than to provide the adequate "glue-code" for their assembly. This implies a large effort into discovering, selecting and adapting services. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents a novel Web Service Selection Method. We have defined an Interface Compatibility procedure to assess structural-semantic aspects from functional specifications - in the form of WSDL documents - of candidate Web Services. Two different semantic basis have been used to define and implement the approach: WordNet, a widely known lexical dictionary of the English language; and DISCO, a database which indexes co-occurrences of terms in very large text collections. We performed a set of experiments to evaluate the approach regarding the underlying semantic basis and against third-party approaches with a data-set of real-life Web Services. Promising results have been obtained in terms of well-known metrics of the Information Retrieval field

City Data Fusion: Sensor Data Fusion in the Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) has gained substantial attention recently and play a significant role in smart city application deployments. A number of such smart city applications depend on sensor fusion capabilities in the cloud from diverse data sources. We introduce the concept of IoT and present in detail ten different parameters that govern our sensor data fusion evaluation framework. We then evaluate the current state-of-the art in sensor data fusion against our sensor data fusion framework. Our main goal is to examine and survey different sensor data fusion research efforts based on our evaluation framework. The major open research issues related to sensor data fusion are also presented.Comment: Accepted to be published in International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies (IJDST), 201

Knowledge organization

Since Svenonius analyzed the research base in bibliographic control in 1990, the intervening years have seen major shifts in the focus of information organization in academic libraries. New technologies continue to reshape the nature and content of catalogs, stretch the boundaries of classification research, and provide new alternatives for the organization of information. Research studies have rigorously analyzed the structure of the Anglo- American Cataloguing Rules using entity-relationship modeling and expanded on the bibliographic and authority relationship research to develop new data models (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records [FRBR] and Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records [FRANAR]). Applied research into the information organization process has led to the development of cataloguing tools and harvesting ap- plications for bibliographic data collection and automatic record creation. A growing international perspective focused research on multilingual subject access, transliteration problems in surrogate records, and user studies to improve Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) displays for large retrieval sets resulting from federated searches. The need to organize local and remote electronic resources led to metadata research that developed general and domain-specific metadata schemes. Ongoing research in this area focuses on record structures and architectural models to enable interoperability among the various schemes and differing application platforms. Research in the area of subject access and classification is strong, covering areas such as vocabulary mapping, automatic facet construction and deconstruction for Web resources, development of expert systems for automatic classifica- tion, dynamically altered classificatory structures linked to domain-specific thesauri, crosscultural conceptual structures in classification, identification of semantic relationships for vocabulary mapped to classification systems, and the expanded use of traditional classification systems as switching languages in the global Web environment. Finally, descriptive research into library and information science (LIS) education and curricula for knowl- edge organization continues. All of this research is applicable to knowledge organization in academic and research libraries. This chapter examines this body of research in depth, describes the research methodologies employed, and identifies areas of lacunae in need of further research

Reuso orientado a servicios: compatibilidad y complejidad de servicios

El reuso de artefactos software brinda oportunidades para proveedores y clientes, tanto para acelerar el proceso de desarrollo de software como para establecer oferta de productos reusables. El paradigma de Computación Orientada a Servicios (SOC), promueve el desarrollo de aplicaciones distribuidas en ambientes heterogéneos, que son construidas ensamblando o componiendo servicios reusables, que se publican a través de una red y se acceden mediante protocolos específicos. SOC ha sido ampliamente adoptado bajo su implementación con la tecnología de Servicios Web, que provee flexibilidad de ejecución remota que oculta las plataformas específicas de ejecución y permite descentralizar los procesos de negocios. SOC requiere la publicación de servicios en un registro (UDDI de acuerdo a Servicios Web), los cuales luego son identificados y evaluados para una aplicación en desarrollo. Sin embargo, aún este proceso necesita métodos exhaustivos y eficientes, tanto para identificación como para selección de servicios, en el cual se puede considerar la aplicación de técnicas de Pruebas de Software y el uso de dos conceptos actuales: Orquestación y Coreografía de servicios.Eje: Ingeniería de Software.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Reuso de servicios heterogéneos basado en CBR

El paradigma de Computación Orientada a Servicios (SOC), promueve el desarrollo de aplicaciones distribuidas en ambientes heterogéneos, que son construidas ensamblando o componiendo servicios reusables, que se publican a través de una red y se acceden mediante protocolos específicos. SOC ha sido ampliamente adoptado con la tecnología de Servicios Web. Existen diferentes estilos de Servicios Web que amplían las oportunidades de reuso, pero generan un desafío de recuperabilidad en torno a la evaluación de servicios heterogéneos, considerando sus tecnologías subyacentes distintivas. Entre los estilos se encuentran los servicios SOAP (con descripciones WSDL) y los servicios RESTful (con múltiples lenguajes de descripción tal como WADL, OpenAPI, etc.). Para afrontar estos desafíos se definió un mecanismo de reuso aplicando Razonamiento basado en Casos (CBR) sobre un Metamodelo de Servicios Heterogéneos que permite la evaluación y composición de servicios. Se ha establecido un mapeo de las descripciones de servicios de los diferentes estilos hacia el Metamodelo, para extender en forma transparente la recuperabilidad de los servicios de terceras partes de distintos estilos y tecnologías.Eje: Ingeniería de Software.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Reuso, composición y refactorización de servicios heterogéneos

El paradigma de Computación Orientada a Servicios (SOC), promueve el desarrollo de aplicaciones distribuidas en ambientes heterogéneos, que son construidas ensamblando o componiendo servicios reusables, que se publican a través de una red y se acceden mediante protocolos específicos. SOC ha sido ampliamente adoptado con la tecnología de Servicios Web. Existen diferentes estilos de Servicios Web que amplían las oportunidades de selección de soluciones, pero generan un desafío de evaluación y ajuste de servicios heterogéneos. Entre los estilos se encuentran los servicios SOAP (con descripciones WSDL) y los servicios RESTful (con múltiples lenguajes de descripción tal como WADL, OpenAPI, etc.). Para afrontar estos desafíos se definió un Metamodelo de Servicios Heterogéneos que permite la evaluación y composición de servicios. Además, el desarrollo de servicios para reuso afronta la necesidad de reducir la complejidad de los servicios que afecta su comprensión e interoperabilidad. Para ello, se pueden utilizar métricas de complejidad de servicios y realizar refactorizaciones hasta alcanzar la complejidad deseada. Estos desafíos también son posibles por medio del Metamodelo de Servicios, para que un proveedor reajuste sus servicios y ofrezca nuevas soluciones en base a sus desarrollos previos.Eje: Ingeniería de Software.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Reuso orientado a servicios: compatibilidad y complejidad de servicios

El reuso de artefactos software brinda oportunidades para proveedores y clientes, tanto para acelerar el proceso de desarrollo de software como para establecer oferta de productos reusables. El paradigma de Computación Orientada a Servicios (SOC), promueve el desarrollo de aplicaciones distribuidas en ambientes heterogéneos, que son construidas ensamblando o componiendo servicios reusables, que se publican a través de una red y se acceden mediante protocolos específicos. SOC ha sido ampliamente adoptado bajo su implementación con la tecnología de Servicios Web, que provee flexibilidad de ejecución remota que oculta las plataformas específicas de ejecución y permite descentralizar los procesos de negocios. SOC requiere la publicación de servicios en un registro (UDDI de acuerdo a Servicios Web), los cuales luego son identificados y evaluados para una aplicación en desarrollo. Sin embargo, aún este proceso necesita métodos exhaustivos y eficientes, tanto para identificación como para selección de servicios, en el cual se puede considerar la aplicación de técnicas de Pruebas de Software y el uso de dos conceptos actuales: Orquestación y Coreografía de servicios.Eje: Ingeniería de Software.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI