Late Quaternary Foraminifera of the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico. (Volumes I and II).

A study of distribution patterns of benthic foraminifera from the Recent and late Pleistocene northwestern gulf of Mexico revealed a close relationship between assemblages and water masses. Multivariate analyses (cluster and factor) of species-frequency data from 120 core tops (87-1361 m) show that the assemblages are associated with the Surface Mixed Layer, Gulf Water, Oxygen Minimum Water, Subantarctic Intermediate Water, Caribbean Midwater, and the Mississippi River outflow. A similar study of 61 samples (283-1341 m) from the last glacial (15,000 yBP) delineated the boundaries of the late Pleistocene bathyal water masses. These were (in estimated paleodepths) the Subtropical Underwater (100?-350 m), Oxygen Minimum Water (350-570 m), North Atlantic Intermediate Water (570-775 m), and Mediterrenean Outflow Water (775+ m). A delta assemblage was also detected between 91 to 92\sp{\rm o} W. Downcore abundances of species in a core from 726 m depth revealed 3 benthic faunal events, at 13,000, 11,000, and 5,000 yBP, caused by changes in water masses and organic matter content. Factor analysis of presence/absence data of 157 species from 288 core tops (58-1361 m) and the 61 late Pleistocene samples indicated that presence/absence data can be used in paleoceanographic studies; the assemblages could be directly correlated to the water masses, delta outflow, and the carbonate bank environment. A study of downcore variations in 10 box cores was done to determine if abundances of Recent and late Pleistocene benthic foraminifera can be directly compared. Judging by downcore trends produced by taphonomy and living habitat, agglutinated species were dissagregation prone or resistant, while calcareous hyaline species were highly-, moderately-, or poorly-preserved. A preservation index based on these trends shows similar values for the Recent and late Pleistocene samples, indicating that their distributions can be directly compared. Such a comparison demonstrates that distributions of species are affected by water mass properties and organic matter content. Shifts in water-mass boundaries in the last glacial caused concomitant changes in species depth limits

GVSU Press Releases, 2009

A compilation of press releases for the year 2009 submitted by University Communications (formerly News & Information Services) to news agencies concerning the people, places, and events related to Grand Valley State University

Bowdoin Orient v.91, no.1-19 (1961-1962)

https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/bowdoinorient-1960s/1002/thumbnail.jp

A communication plan to make historical societies more visible and more accessible to the general public

This thesis presents a communication plan to make historical societies more visible and more accessible to the public. A two-way communication system creates a bond between historical societies, community members, and school districts. This plan gives methods and materials to connect historical societies with the public. It also addresses attracting new members or volunteers and increasing financial resources. The communication plan consists of four objectives that reach the goal of raising the profiles of historical societies. These objectives and their strategies provide methods and materials to make them more visible in the communities, to connect them to the local school districts, and to provide ideas for raising funds. Instructions and suggestions for planning events and activities can be found in this research paper. Historical societies hold the legacy of generations and link the past to the present. What they offer should not be overlooked or taken for granted; their possibilities for entertainment and education are endless. Putting historical societies into the mainstream of the community should become a top priority. This thesis develops a structured communication plan committed to that goal

Manager’s and citizen’s perspective of positive and negative risks for small probabilities

So far „risk‟ has been mostly defined as the expected value of a loss, mathematically PL, being P the probability of an adverse event and L the loss incurred as a consequence of the event. The so called risk matrix is based on this definition. Also for favorable events one usually refers to the expected gain PG, being G the gain incurred as a consequence of the positive event. These “measures” are generally violated in practice. The case of insurances (on the side of losses, negative risk) and the case of lotteries (on the side of gains, positive risk) are the most obvious. In these cases a single person is available to pay a higher price than that stated by the mathematical expected value, according to (more or less theoretically justified) measures. The higher the risk, the higher the unfair accepted price. The definition of risk as expected value is justified in a long term “manager‟s” perspective, in which it is conceivable to distribute the effects of an adverse event on a large number of subjects or a large number of recurrences. In other words, this definition is mostly justified on frequentist terms. Moreover, according to this definition, in two extreme situations (high-probability/low-consequence and low-probability/high-consequence), the estimated risk is low. This logic is against the principles of sustainability and continuous improvement, which should impose instead both a continuous search for lower probabilities of adverse events (higher and higher reliability) and a continuous search for lower impact of adverse events (in accordance with the fail-safe principle). In this work a different definition of risk is proposed, which stems from the idea of safeguard: (1Risk)=(1P)(1L). According to this definition, the risk levels can be considered low only when both the probability of the adverse event and the loss are small. Such perspective, in which the calculation of safeguard is privileged to the calculation of risk, would possibly avoid exposing the Society to catastrophic consequences, sometimes due to wrong or oversimplified use of probabilistic models. Therefore, it can be seen as the citizen‟s perspective to the definition of risk

Proceedings of the 20th Automotive Technology Development Contractors' Coordination Meeting

Thirty-four papers are included which cover the following topics: stirling technology, gas turbines, ceramics, heavy duty transport, industry perspectives, and alternative fuels