Economic Transformation and the Return to Human Capital - The Case of Hungary, 1986-1996

Millions of East-Europeans started businesses during the transformational recession but, according to a wide-spread interpretation, many of them did so only temporarily and 'unwillingly' under the threat of unemployment. The paper looks at the relevance of the 'disguised unemployment approach to entrepreneurship' using regional data.It first examines how net flows into self-employment were affected by corporate labour demand in Hungarian and Romanian regions. Second, it looks at the responses of self-employment and unemployment to increases in labour demand at later stages of the transition. Finally,.it makes attempts to measure the 'wage push' of selfemployment. The evidence suggests that self-employment and unemployment were guided by rather different forces In Hungary. By contrast, the Romanian agriculture absorbed a non-trivial proportion of the potential unemployed following the unique land reform and the introduction of a restrictive UI system. The data suggest larger flows into self-employment in regions hit hard by the transition shock but they do not indicate net flows from self-employment back to paid employment in the few Romanian regions where labour demand was rising between 1993 and 1996. The pool of private farmers failed to behave as a 'reserve army' in this period and did not have strong influence on wage claims at the enterprise sector.

Indexes of Regional Economic Growth in Post-Accession Romania

The European Cohesion Policy is designed to yield concrete results, furthering economic and social cohesion and reducing gaps between development levels in the various regions. Considering the context of the early post-accession period, posing significant challenges to regional development in Romania, we have investigated, based on three indexes that we advance in the methodological section, the pace of development, comparatively, in the eight development regions of Romania. The results of the study, further presented, can serve as a basis for more detailed empirical investigation of the phenomena theoretically approached in this paper.cohesion, regional development, integration, intellectual capital

The Multivariated Effect of City Cooperation in Land Use Planning and Decision-Making Processes: A European Analysis

Spatial and urban planning processes regarding border cooperation have reached unprecedented levels in recent decades, not only due to their potential for territorial integration, i.e., infrastructure construction and planning activities worldwide. Bearing in mind the European project, for a united and strong network of nations, this scenario is more evident in European territories. In this regard, through multivariated analyzes of city cooperation on European border areas, it is possible to identify the factors that influence the territorial success and also a sustainable regional development and even their effects over the urban agglomerations. From the identified factors, the study pointed out one that is common to all cases: connectivity-movement between cities

GDP rate in the European Union: Simulations based on panel data models

The objective of this paper is to provide more details regarding the evolution of real GDP growth in the countries of the European Union (EU-28) in the period from 2004 to 2015 based on a panel data approach. According to the estimations based on some dynamic panel data models, an any increase in the real GDP rate in the previous period by one percentage point, the real GDP rate in the current period will increase by 0.3 percentage points up to 0.5 percentage points. According to the Fixed Effects Model with time and individual effects, the real GDP growth is explained by the employment. According to simulations for 2016 and 2017 based on Dynamic Model and the Fixed Effects Model, the last model predicting higher GDP rates with respect to dynamic models. The result of this study is the estimation of the real GDP rates in EU-28 countries, which are based on presented econometrics models. The annual average of employment as the main factor of GDP growth is taken into account. © Foundation of International Studies, 2016