Dynamic Tax Competition under Asymmetric Productivity of Public Capital

We here expand the static tax competition models in symmetric small regions, which were indicated by Zodrow and Mieszkowski (1986) and Wilson (1986), to a dynamic tax competition model in large regions, taking consideration of the regional asymmetry of productivity of public capital and the existence of capital accumulation. The aim of this paper is to verify how the taxation policy affects asymmetric equilibrium based on a simulation analysis using an overlapping generations model in two regions. It is assumed that the public capital as a public input is formed on the basis of the capital tax of local governments and the lump-sum tax of the central government. As demonstrated in related literature, the optimal capital tax rate should become zero when the lump-sum tax is imposed only on older generations, however, the optimal tax rate may become positive when it is imposed proportionally on younger and older generations. In the asymmetric equilibrium, several cooperative solutions can possibly exist which can achieve a higher welfare standard than the actualized cooperative solution either in Region1 or 2

Expanding America's Capacity to Educate Nurses: Diverse, State-Level Partnerships Are Creating Promising Models and Results

Outlines the need to expand nursing education capacity to address the coming personnel shortage. Highlights strategies of twelve partnerships, including pay-for-performance funding and new curricula and technology, and makes policy recommendations

Train-the-trainers in hand hygiene : a standardized approach to guide education in infection prevention and control

Background Harmonization in hand hygiene training for infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals is lacking. We describe a standardized approach to training, using a “Train-the-Trainers” (TTT) concept for IPC professionals and assess its impact on hand hygiene knowledge in six countries.Methods We developed a three-day simulation-based TTT course based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy. To evaluate its impact, we have performed a pre-and post-course knowledge questionnaire. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the results before and after training.Results Between June 2016 and January 2018 we conducted seven TTT courses in six countries: Iran, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, Spain and Thailand. A total of 305 IPC professionals completed the programme. Participants included nurses (n = 196; 64.2%), physicians (n = 53; 17.3%) and other health professionals (n = 56; 18.3%). In total, participants from more than 20 countries were trained. A significant (p < 0.05) improvement in knowledge between the pre- and post-TTT training phases was observed in all countries. Puebla (Mexico) had the highest improvement (22.3%; p < 0.001), followed by Malaysia (21.2%; p < 0.001), Jalisco (Mexico; 20.2%; p < 0.001), Thailand (18.8%; p < 0.001), South Africa (18.3%; p < 0.001), Iran (17.5%; p < 0.001) and Spain (9.7%; p = 0.047). Spain had the highest overall test scores, while Thailand had the lowest pre- and post-scores. Positive aspects reported included: unique learning environment, sharing experiences, hands-on practices on a secure environment and networking among IPC professionals. Sustainability was assessed through follow-up evaluations conducted in three original TTT course sites in Mexico (Jalisco and Puebla) and in Spain: improvement was sustained in the last follow-up phase when assessed 5 months, 1 year and 2 years after the first TTT course, respectively.Conclusions The TTT in hand hygiene model proved to be effective in enhancing participant’s knowledge, sharing experiences and networking. IPC professionals can use this reference training method worldwide to further disseminate knowledge to other health care workers.peer-reviewe

Blowing Open the Bottleneck: Designing New Approaches to Increase Nurse Education Capacity

Outlines the challenges of expanding the nurse education capacity to meet nursing shortages. Explores strategies such as partnerships among stakeholders, faculty development, revised curricula, and policy and regulatory advocacy, and offers case studies

Advancing Care Excellence for Seniors: Reflections on a John A. Hartford Foundation-funded Nursing Education Program

This brief will describe the work and assess the impact of the NLN Advancing Care Excellence for Seniors initiative, or ACE.S, which the John A. Hartford Foundation supported from 2009 to 2012. ACE.S was the first national effort to prepare students in all pre-licensure nursing programs, including associate degree programs, to deliver high-quality care to older adults in a variety of settings, by providing new educational opportunities, teaching tools, and other resources to help pre-licensure nursing faculty offer geriatric content and understanding to their students

REFELCTIONS ON THE (RE)POSITIONING OF THE FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION CONTROL

The financial administration control offers the managing staff the possibility to decide on the entrusted methods and means and to direct its action in order to reach the objectives that were set out according to the main interests of each company. The objectives are set down by taking into consideration both managing and operative functions. However, the desired results are obtained only after a certain period of time, during which there may occur changes of the initial context within which the objectives and action plans were drawn up. In this case the readjustment of the financial administration control within the managerial control structure becomes an essential condition for successfully reaching the established targets. A condition as such comes from the description of the desired outcome, of the indicators that will be used to assess it and the necessary means to obtain it. The objectives also have to express the agreement reached between hierarchic levels on dialogue grounds, thus ensuring the harmonization of the collective interests with those that determine the functioning of the enterprise. A very important part in this dialogue is played by the instrumental panel and also by the other devices of the financial administration control, which will have to be readjusted in a proper manner according to the changes occurred within the economic and business environment.financial administration control, managing and operative functions, performance, instrumental panel.

Implementing the IOM Future of Nursing Report - Part I: How to Dramatically Increase the Formal Education of America's Nursing Workforce by 2020

Outlines strategies for realizing calls for competency-based curricula; seamless educational progression; more funding for accelerated programs, educational capacity building, and student diversity; and stronger employer incentives