Paralelización del algoritmo basado en el comportamiento social de las arañas para clustering

La adaptación de las tecnologías digitales y la aplicación de Internet en las organizaciones, personas y dispositivos, generan una cantidad extraordinaria de datos en diversas áreas de la ciencia como por ejemplo: minería de datos, big data, clasificación de patrones, reconocimiento de imágenes, inteligencia de negocios, bioinformática, detección de outliers e IoT. En consecuencia estos datos requieren ser analizados, procesados y almacenados. El proceso de análisis generalmente trae dificultades computacionales como el tiempo de ejecución y la calidad de los resultados. Clustering es una de las técnicas de clasificación mas utilizadas para analizar grandes y pequeños volúmenes de datos. En la literatura se puede hallar algoritmos como por ejemplo: Social Spider Optimization (SSO), K-means, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithms (GA). En este trabajo se implementa la versión paralela del algoritmo SSO, esta implementación es denominada como Parallel Social Spider Optimization (P-SSO). El objetivo de esta investigación es mejorar la precisión de la métrica y el tiempo de ejecución del algoritmo SSO. Para el desarrollo de la implementación se utilizó el mecanismo de modelo de isla con topologías estáticas y topologías dinámicas. En la etapa experimental los algoritmos propuestos se ejecutaron 50 veces, para lo cual se usó 9 dataset del repositorio UCI Machine Learning Repository. Tambien se realizó un análisis estadístico para comparar el algoritmo SSO con el algoritmo P-SSO. Los resultados muestran que los modelos paralelos del algoritmo P-SSO en promedio son 15 veces más rápido que el algoritmo SSO para clasificar grandes volúmenes de datos y 28 veces más rápido para pequeños volúmenes de datos. Así mismo se verifico que la métrica generada de la suma de las distancias Euclidianas para el algoritmo P-SSO es muy similar a la métrica resultante del algoritmo SSO y para algunos dataset este valor es más óptimo. Finalmente, se verifico que los modelos paralelos del algoritmo P-SSO convergen más lento que el algoritmo SSO. Esto constituye un aporte significativo en mejorar el tiempo de ejecución de estos algoritmos para resolver problemas de clustering, con métricas muy favorables que verifican la solución.Financiado por la UNSAA

Comprehensive Taxonomies of Nature- and Bio-inspired Optimization: Inspiration versus Algorithmic Behavior, Critical Analysis and Recommendations

In recent years, a great variety of nature- and bio-inspired algorithms has been reported in the literature. This algorithmic family simulates different biological processes observed in Nature in order to efficiently address complex optimization problems. In the last years the number of bio-inspired optimization approaches in literature has grown considerably, reaching unprecedented levels that dark the future prospects of this field of research. This paper addresses this problem by proposing two comprehensive, principle-based taxonomies that allow researchers to organize existing and future algorithmic developments into well-defined categories, considering two different criteria: the source of inspiration and the behavior of each algorithm. Using these taxonomies we review more than three hundred publications dealing with nature-inspired and bio-inspired algorithms, and proposals falling within each of these categories are examined, leading to a critical summary of design trends and similarities between them, and the identification of the most similar classical algorithm for each reviewed paper. From our analysis we conclude that a poor relationship is often found between the natural inspiration of an algorithm and its behavior. Furthermore, similarities in terms of behavior between different algorithms are greater than what is claimed in their public disclosure: specifically, we show that more than one-third of the reviewed bio-inspired solvers are versions of classical algorithms. Grounded on the conclusions of our critical analysis, we give several recommendations and points of improvement for better methodological practices in this active and growing research field.Comment: 76 pages, 6 figure

Multiplicity of Approach and Method in Augmentation of Simplex Method: A Review

The purpose of this review paper is to set an augmentation approach and exemplify distribution of augmentation works in Simplex method. The augmentation approach is classified into three forms whereby it comprises addition, substitution and integration. From the diversity study, the result shows that substitution approach appeared to be the highest usage frequency, which is about 45.2% from the total of percentage. This is then followed by addition approach which makes up 32.3% of usage frequency and integration approach for about 22.6% of usage frequency which makes it the least percentage of the overall usage frequency approach. Since it is being the least usage percentage, the paper is then interested to foresee a future study of integration approach that can be performed from the executed distribution of the augmentation works according to Simplex’s computation stages. A theme screening is then conducted with a set of criteria and themes to come out with a proposal of new integration approach of augmentation of Simplex method

Topological tools for understanding complex systems

The behavior of complex systems is often influenced by their structure. In mathematics, the field of algebraic topology has been especially useful for characterizing mathematical structures. Topological data analysis (TDA) is a growing field in which methods from algebraic topology are applied to studying the structure of data. TDA has been used in a variety of applications, including biological data, granular materials, and demography. Social interactions are heavily informed by space and have complex structure due to patterns in the way humans arrange themselves geographically. Consequently, social applications can benefit from the application of TDA.In this dissertation, I develop topological methods for studying spatial networks and apply them to a wide variety of data sets. In particular, I study methods for building topological spaces (specifically, simplicial complexes) based on data. I present two novel simplicial-complex constructions, the adjacency complex and the level-set complex, for spatial data. I apply both constructions to random networks, cities, voting, and scientific images, gaining insights into the structure of these systems. I also propose a novel simplicial complex construction for studying patterns of neighborhood formation based on combining demographic and spatial data. I present case studies in neighborhood segregation for two U.S. cities. In addition to my topological research, I discuss two projects in the study of social systems using methods from network analysis. I present an extension to multilayer networks of the Hegselmann--Krause model for opinion dynamics and discuss preliminary findings on its convergence properties. I also present a framework for estimating homelessness underreporting in California Local Education agencies (LEAs)

A novel unsupervised Levy flight particle swarm optimization (ULPSO) method for multispectral remote-sensing image classification

The rapid development of earth observation technology has produced large quantities of remote-sensing data. Unsupervised classification (i.e. clustering) of remote-sensing images, an important means to acquire land-use/cover information, has become increasingly in demand due to its simplicity and ease of application. Traditional methods, such as k-means, struggle to solve this NP-hard (Non-deterministic Polynomial hard) image classification problem. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), always achieving better result than k-means, has recently been applied to unsupervised image classification. However, PSO was also found to be easily trapped on local optima. This article proposes a novel unsupervised Levy flight particle swarm optimization (ULPSO) method for image classification with balanced exploitation and exploration capabilities. It benefits from a new searching strategy: the worst particle in the swarm is targeted and its position is updated with Levy flight at each iteration. The effectiveness of the proposed method was tested with three types of remote-sensing imagery (Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Flightline C1 (FLC), and QuickBird) that are distinct in terms of spatial and spectral resolution and landscape. Our results showed that ULPSO is able to achieve significantly better and more stable classification results than k-means and the other two intelligent methods based on genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) over all of the experiments. ULPSO is, therefore, recommended as an effective alternative for unsupervised remote-sensing image classification

Bio-inspired optimization in integrated river basin management

Water resources worldwide are facing severe challenges in terms of quality and quantity. It is essential to conserve, manage, and optimize water resources and their quality through integrated water resources management (IWRM). IWRM is an interdisciplinary field that works on multiple levels to maximize the socio-economic and ecological benefits of water resources. Since this is directly influenced by the river’s ecological health, the point of interest should start at the basin-level. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the application of bio-inspired optimization techniques in integrated river basin management (IRBM). This study demonstrates the application of versatile, flexible and yet simple metaheuristic bio-inspired algorithms in IRBM. In a novel approach, bio-inspired optimization algorithms Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are used to spatially distribute mitigation measures within a basin to reduce long-term annual mean total nitrogen (TN) concentration at the outlet of the basin. The Upper Fuhse river basin developed in the hydrological model, Hydrological Predictions for the Environment (HYPE), is used as a case study. ACO and PSO are coupled with the HYPE model to distribute a set of measures and compute the resulting TN reduction. The algorithms spatially distribute nine crop and subbasin-level mitigation measures under four categories. Both algorithms can successfully yield a discrete combination of measures to reduce long-term annual mean TN concentration. They achieved an 18.65% reduction, and their performance was on par with each other. This study has established the applicability of these bio-inspired optimization algorithms in successfully distributing the TN mitigation measures within the river basin. Stakeholder involvement is a crucial aspect of IRBM. It ensures that researchers and policymakers are aware of the ground reality through large amounts of information collected from the stakeholder. Including stakeholders in policy planning and decision-making legitimizes the decisions and eases their implementation. Therefore, a socio-hydrological framework is developed and tested in the Larqui river basin, Chile, based on a field survey to explore the conditions under which the farmers would implement or extend the width of vegetative filter strips (VFS) to prevent soil erosion. The framework consists of a behavioral, social model (extended Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB) and an agent-based model (developed in NetLogo) coupled with the results from the vegetative filter model (Vegetative Filter Strip Modeling System, VFSMOD-W). The results showed that the ABM corroborates with the survey results and the farmers are willing to extend the width of VFS as long as their utility stays positive. This framework can be used to develop tailor-made policies for river basins based on the conditions of the river basins and the stakeholders' requirements to motivate them to adopt sustainable practices. It is vital to assess whether the proposed management plans achieve the expected results for the river basin and if the stakeholders will accept and implement them. The assessment via simulation tools ensures effective implementation and realization of the target stipulated by the decision-makers. In this regard, this dissertation introduces the application of bio-inspired optimization techniques in the field of IRBM. The successful discrete combinatorial optimization in terms of the spatial distribution of mitigation measures by ACO and PSO and the novel socio-hydrological framework using ABM prove the forte and diverse applicability of bio-inspired optimization algorithms