2,294,654 research outputs found
Cognitive load theory: New conceptualizations, specifications, and integrated research perspectives
Over the last few years, cognitive load theory has progressed and advanced rapidly. The articles in this special issue, which document those advances, are based on contributions to the 3rd International Cognitive Load Theory Conference (2009), Heerlen, The Netherlands. The articles of this special issue on cognitive load theory discuss new conceptualizations of the different categories of cognitive load, an integrated research perspective of process-oriented and cognitive load approaches to collaborative learning, an integrated research perspective of cognitive and social-cognitive approaches to example-based learning, and a specification of the theory focusing on the acquisition of generalized knowledge structures as a means to facilitate flexible problem-solving skills. This article provides a short introduction to the theory, discusses some of its recent advances, and provides an overview of the contributions to this issue
âCritical Habitatâ and Other Stories
The nature of writing, that is, storytelling, is difficult to discuss in a technical manner. Often it is easier to demonstrate by example rather than theory how storytelling does and does not work. This thesis is a collection of short stories written to practice the art of writing and storytelling. They do not follow a central theme or motif; they are self-contained projects demonstrating the application of the theories discussed in the introduction. The point of this thesis is not to show the correct way to write or provide examples of perfect stories. It is to show the learning process of taking theory and applying it in actual writing practice
The product life cycle of durable goods
The model presented here derives the product life cycle of durable goods. It is based on the idea that the purchase process consists of first purchase and repurchase. First purchase is determined by the market penetration process (diffusion process), while repurchase is the sum of replacement and multiple purchase. The key property of durables goods is to have a mean lifetime in the order of several years. Therefore replacement purchase creates periodic variations of the unit sales (Juglar cycles) having its origin in the initial diffusion process. The theory suggests that there exists two diffusion processes. The first can be described by Bass diffusion and is related to the information spreading process within the social network of potential consumers. The other diffusion process comes into play, when the price of the durable is such, that only those consumers with a sufficient personal income can afford the good. We have to distinguish between a monopoly market and a polypoly/oligopoly market. In the first case periodic variations of the total sales occur caused by the initial Bass diffusion, even when the price is constant. In the latter case the mutual competition between the brands leads with time to a decrease of the mean price. This change is associated with an effective increase of the market volume, which can be interpreted as a diffusion process. Based on an evolutionary approach, it can be shown that the mean price decreases exponentially and the corresponding diffusion process is governed by Gompertz equation (Gompertz diffusion). Most remarkable is that Gibrat's rule of proportionate growth is a direct consequence of the competition between the brands. The model allows a derivation of the lognormal size distribution of product sales and the logistic replacement of durables in competition. A comparison with empirical data suggests that the theory describes the main trend of the product life cycle superimposed by short term events like the introduction of new models.Product Life Cycle, Consumer Durables, Product Diffusion, Bass Diffusion; Competition; Gompertz Diffusion; Replicator Equation; Logistic Growth; Evolutionary Economics; Monopoly; Takeoff; Gibrat's Rule; Juglar Cycles;
Tourism as a driver of economic development: The Colombian experience
The current paper analyzes the importance and potentials of the tourism sector for economic development. It is divided into four major parts. After a short introduction, section two presents some theoretical insights into the topic of economic development. Commenting on the most relevant components of the catching-up theory by Abramovitz (1986) and the structural change theory by Baumol (1967) and others, it could be realized that growth and the accompanying structural changes in the distribution of employment and GDP have their sources in the sector industry. But at the moment of incorporating the demand side explanation of structural change, the service sectors offer growth potentials as well. Furthermore, the basic characteristics and importance of the tourism sector for economic development and employment are emphasized, examining the so-called 'social capabilities' and the innovation potential within the process of economic growth of any nation. A short survey of literature concerning the contribution of this sector to economic growth makes clear that tourism should be considered not just from the perspective of the benefits, but also from the costs associated with it. Section three provides an analysis of the economic impact of tourism in a developing country, namely Colombia, based on time-series analysis and data gathered supported on the 'Tourism Satellite Account' Methodology. Some relevant indicators produced by the World Economic Forum through its 'Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report', are also evaluated. Finally, some conclusions are drawn with respect to the potentialities, as well as the challenges identified for the Colombian case. --structural change,service sectors,social capabilities,economic development,tourism,Colombia
Bayesian data analysis for Gaussian process tomography
Bayesian inference is used in many scientific areas as a conceptually well-founded data analysis framework. In this paper, we give a brief introduction to Bayesian probability theory and its application to the tomography problem in fusion research by means of a Gaussian process prior. This Gaussian process tomography (GPT) method is used for reconstruction of the local soft X-ray (SXR) emissivity in WEST and EAST based on line-integrated data. By modeling the SXR emissivity field in a poloidal cross-section as a Gaussian process, Bayesian SXR tomography can be carried out in a robust and extremely fast way. Owing to the short execution time of the algorithm, GPT is an important candidate for providing real-time feedback information on impurity transport and for fast MHD control. In addition, the Bayesian formulism allows for uncertainty analysis of the inferred emissivity
Social Network Analysis: From Graph Theory to Applications with Python
Social network analysis is the process of investigating social structures
through the use of networks and graph theory. It combines a variety of
techniques for analyzing the structure of social networks as well as theories
that aim at explaining the underlying dynamics and patterns observed in these
structures. It is an inherently interdisciplinary field which originally
emerged from the fields of social psychology, statistics and graph theory. This
talk will covers the theory of social network analysis, with a short
introduction to graph theory and information spread. Then we will deep dive
into Python code with NetworkX to get a better understanding of the network
components, followed-up by constructing and implying social networks from real
Pandas and textual datasets. Finally we will go over code examples of practical
use-cases such as visualization with matplotlib, social-centrality analysis and
influence maximization for information spread.Comment: Presented at PyCon'19 - Israeli Python Conference 201
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