Behaviour and accidents in young children and adolescents

The Mater-University Study of Pregnancy recruited a cohort of 8,458 Brisbane women during pregnancy. Subsequent follow-ups of mother and child occurred a few days, 6 months, 5 years and 14 years after birth, with the collection of a wide range of biological, sociological and behavioural information as well as measures of mental and physical health. In anticipation of a further cohort follow-up (funded by CARRS-Q) aimed specifically at examining risk-taking behaviour and road crashes in young drivers, the present paper examines the relationship between child and adolescent behaviour and the occurrence of accidents. This indicates that children with behaviour problems, particularly social and attentional disorders at age 5 years are nearly twice as likely to have had an accident in the past three months. While there is some evidence of continuity of accident occurrence (27% of children whose mother’s reported an accident at age 5 years also were also reported to have had an accident requiring medical attention in the last year) this association was weak. Behaviour problems, as measured by the Child Services, police or Juvenile Aid Bureau at age 14 also predict accident occurrence at age 14. ‘Binge drinking’ (consumption of seven or more alcoholic drinks at a time), while rare in this sample (2%) was associated with a doubling of accident risk. The next phase of MUSP will involve administering a questionnaire focused on risk taking behaviour to adolescents, followed up by later record linkage to accident reports and medical records to obtain end-points of road crashes and accident morbidity

Persistent vegetative state secondary to a motor vehicle accident

The case presents a young girl who was involved in a road traffic accident. Despite being alive at present, her body cannot perform any basic functions since she is in a persistent vegetative state. Numerous examinations and investigations showed several lesions in the head, neck and thorax, the most striking of which being an avulsion injury at the junction of the spinal cord with the medulla. Aim: The purpose of this writing is to shed light on a rare condition brought about by one of the most common mechanisms of injury. Considering the extent of the injury that this girl presented with, her survival rate was low, yet somehow she managed to cheat death. The frequency of such cases taking place in Malta is exceptionally rare, making this episode worth publishing.peer-reviewe

Giant coronary sinus aneurysm and multiple coronary artery aneurysms in a pediatric patient

Giant coronary sinus aneurysm is extremely rare in pediatric population. It was first reported in 1983 by Ho SY et al. Cerebrovascular accident, shock, myocarditis and severe myocardial dysfunction requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are also very rare presentations of Kawasaki disease. Such rare cases are often misdiagnosed at first as septic shock. Kawasaki disease should be considered in all children presenting with toxic shock. This article reports a rare case of giant coronary sinus aneurysm that also had unusual presentation of Kawasaki disease with cerebrovascular accident, shock, myocarditis and severe myocardial dysfunction requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In our patient, Kawasaki disease was initially misdiagnosed. It was retrospectively diagnosed when cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate coronary sinus aneurysm.peer-reviewe

Reckless formalin injection in the eyelid instead of local anesthetic: case report

Accidental injection of formalin is certainly rare, but it has serious consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality. We report a case of severe ophthalmic damage due to an accidental formalin's injection in the eyelid of a three-year-old child presenting with congenital ptosis's surgical repair of her left eye. This accident has damaged the orbital region and led to upper left eyelid's necrosis, eyeball's deformation and ipsilateral cataract. In terms of our observation, we discussed consequences of this rare type of accident, and its systematic and loco-regional effects. We tried also to explain these manifestations by analyzing the metabolism process of formalin in the human body. Finally, a medico-legal implication of such accident has been illustrated according to the Tunisian law (Penal Code of the Tunisian republic 'PCT').The Pan African Medical Journal 2016;2

Atlanto-occipital dislocation: four case reports of survival in adults and review of the literature

Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) is a rare cervical spine injury and in most cases fatal. Consequently, relatively few case reports of adult patients surviving this injury appeared in the literature. We retrospectively report four patients who survived AOD injury and were treated at our institution. A young man fell from height and a woman was injured in a traffic accident. Both patients survived the injury but died later in the hospital. The third patient had a motorcycle accident and survived with incomplete paraplegia. The last patient, a man involved in a working accident, survived without neurological deficit of the upper extremities. Rigid posterior fixation and complete reduction of the dislocation were applied in last two cases using Cervifix together with a cancellous bone grafting. Previously reported cases of patients surviving AOD are reviewed, and clinical features and operative stabilisation procedures are discusse

Consumer Trust Ratings After an Airline Accident: an Affective Perspective

Fortunately airline accidents are rare; however when one occurs it usually results in widespread media attention. The purpose of this study was to examine how consumers’ trust ratings were impacted when one airline suffered an accident. The findings indicate that System Wide Trust (SWT) theory applies resulting in a trust reduction for all airlines, not just the accident airline. Affect was shown to act as a mediator in only three of the cases, which suggest that consumer’s responses may not be strongly influenced by emotions. Practical implications and limitations of this study are provided

Safety evaluation of amusement rides using accumulated accident data: Accident data framework

Amusement rides and devices are a popular form of recreation and important component of the tourism industry. Injury-producing accidents are rare, and the viability of the industry relies on perceived safety of the activity. Some existing metrics use accumulated accident reports. Several metrics tabulate the number of injuries, but none collect enough information about the context of accidents to analyse the accumulated data to deduce patterns. This paper describes an Accident Data Framework for a minimal set of variables from reports of amusement device accident, and the structure for a useful narrative to aid reporters and recorders to avoid introducing bias. A pilot test with 125 industry practitioners supported the general feasibility of this approach. A review of requirements confirms the framework supports compliance with ASTM F770, a major international standard. Refinements made in response to a pilot test of the Accident Framework were incorporated into the classification rules, provided in an Annex to the paper

Traumatic pulmonary pseuodocysts: two case reports

Traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst (TPP) is a rare complication, sometimes encountered after blunt thoracic trauma and even more rarely following penetrating injuries. It is more common among pediatric and young adult patients. Although TPP is usually benign in nature, complications associated with hemoptysis and secondary infection may develop. The treatment is conservative. In this report, we present two rare cases of TPP occuring after a high-speed accident and a stab wound injury, where conservative treatment provided good outcomes

Pediatric paraspinal penetrating sewing needle

Pediatric spinal injuries are very rare conditions and account for 1%-10% of all spinal injuries Domestic accidents, such as falling and bumping, are frequent events during childhood.In this study, a 1-year-old boy who was under treatment due to a penetrating trauma at the posterior thoracolumbar intersection is presented. The patient was referred to our clinic after a needle became impaled into his back due to an accident that occurred at home. The patient’s neurologic assessment was normal. A radiologic study of the patient showed the presence of a metallic foreign object, extending into the paravertebral muscle on the left side of the T12-L1 intersection. The needle was removed promptly after an emergent surgical procedure. No any complications were present during the follow-up visit after 1 month. Emergent surgical intervention is necessary in paraspinal and spinal penetrating traumas. © 2015, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Universitas Indonesia. All rights reserved