Using cosmogenic 36Cl to determine periods of enhanced seismicity in western Anatolia, Turkey

Reconstruction of paleoearthquakes is an essential step in order to widen our understanding of future seismic behavior on specific faults and in a larger extent in a regional tectonic framework. Fault scarp dating using cosmogenic 36Cl is a powerful technique to explore the rupture history of faults that provide valuable information to be contributed in seismic hazard assessment. Western Anatolia is a roughly N-S rapidly extensional region since early Miocene. Deformation pattern of this intensively active region is strongly dominated by normal faults, locally built in carbonates, within the large-scale horst-graben systems. Carbonate bedrock fault scarps are the most direct indication of past earthquakes in order to explore seismic behavior of faults using cosmogenic 36Cl. The oldest recorded earthquake in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East dates back to 2100 B.C, whereas the instrumental earthquakes were recorded only during the last century. However, to assess the seismic activity of faults, a more complete seismic database within and prior to the existing seismic archives is required. In this study, in order to model a long-term seismic history of western Anatolia, we applied fault scarp dating on several fault scarps within Büyük Menderes Graben, Gediz Graben, and Gökova half-graben by analysing 584 samples. We could recover at least 12 large seismic events, mostly occurred as clustered earthquakes with magnitude of 5.4 to 7.1 during the past 15 ka. The correlation of timing of paleoearthquakes at ca. 2.0, 3.5, 6.0 and 8.0 ka lead us to assert that western Anatolia experienced at least four periods of high seismic activity during Holocene, in addition to the recent time with the high record of major earthquakes. The regional recurrence interval of approximately 2000 years is concordant with the return period of earthquakes of several faults in the extensional tectonic setting of Aegean region. The vertical slip rates of faults are estimated to be in a range of 0.1 to 1.9 mm/yr, which generally increase through time. This indicates that the largest amount of strain during the whole Holocene time is transmitting to western Anatolia in recent time

First Mover: Otto Struve and The Use of Scientific Capital in Astrophysics, 1921–1950

Otto Struve (1897-1963) came to the United States in 1921 and became one of the dominant personalities in the field of astrophysics. Struve’s career made him, in the words of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, a “first mover” in a scientific field that was firmly engaged in the process of what Thomas Kuhn called “normal science.” Struve pulled astrophysics further away from its empirical roots in categorization and made it more like physics in its unification of theory and observation. The primary way that he accomplished this was through his administration of Yerkes and McDonald observatories, where he brought in theorists to work directly with observers. He also helped to set barriers for entry into the field that emphasized greater knowledge of mathematics, physics, and theory. He also influenced the field through his editorship of The Astrophysical Journal, and through his own prolific publication of both scholarly and popular articles

Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL)

The Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL) was founded in 2014 at Indiana University by Dr. Öner Özçelik, the residing director of the Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region (CeLCAR). As the nation’s sole U.S. Department of Education funded Language Resource Center focusing on the languages of the Central Asian Region, CeLCAR’s main mission is to strengthen and improve the nation’s capacity for teaching and learning Central Asian languages through teacher training, research, materials development projects, and dissemination. As part of this mission, CeLCAR has an ultimate goal to unify and fortify the Central Asian language learning community by facilitating networking between linguists and language educators, encouraging research projects that will inform language instruction, and provide opportunities for professionals in the field to both showcase their work and receive feedback from their peers. Thus ConCALL was established to be the first international academic conference to bring together linguists and language educators in the languages of the Central Asian region, including both the Altaic and Eastern Indo-European languages spoken in the region, to focus on research into how these specific languages are represented formally, as well as acquired by second/foreign language learners, and also to present research driven teaching methods. Languages served by ConCALL include, but are not limited to: Azerbaijani, Dari, Karakalpak, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Lokaabharan, Mari, Mongolian, Pamiri, Pashto, Persian, Russian, Shughnani, Tajiki, Tibetan, Tofalar, Tungusic, Turkish, Tuvan, Uyghur, Uzbek, Wakhi and more!The Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics held at Indiana University on 16-17 May 1014 was made possible through the generosity of our sponsors: Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region (CeLCAR), Ostrom Grant Programs, IU's College of Arts and Humanities Center (CAHI), Inner Asian and Uralic National Resource Center (IAUNRC), IU's School of Global and International Studies (SGIS), IU's College of Arts and Sciences, Sinor Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies (SRIFIAS), IU's Department of Central Eurasian Studies (CEUS), and IU's Department of Linguistics

The effects of utilizing smartphone in enhancing students' English writing skills in Pakistan

Though mobile learning offers myriad language learning opportunities to digitally smart learners, yet Pakistani lecturers are still utilizing conventional pedagogical methods to teach English writing skills. The objective of this 8-week study was to investigate the effects of smartphone in enhancing students’ English writing skills in Pakistan. To conduct this mixed method study, purposive sampling was employed to choose 45 intermediate students as participants. The pre-test/post-test, questionnaire on motivation and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. In addition, the study investigated the views of the one lecturer and four students regarding the effects of utilizing smartphone as a teaching and learning tool. The quantitative data was analyzed by applying Paired-samples t-test employing SPSS (Windows version 24.0). However, the qualitative data was analyzed and interpreted holistically based on the emerging themes. The key findings from the Paired-samples t-test indicated that the students significantly scored higher (after intervention utilizing smartphones) on their overall mean scores not only for the descriptive essay and its eight components but also for motivation. Similarly, the qualitative findings revealed that smartphone played an effective role that motivated the students to enhance their writing skills by engaging them in a fun learning and student-centered environment. Based on the findings, it is recommended that future studies should use smartphones to address other genres of writing with female samples from other provinces of Pakistan. Moreover, the findings support the theories such as multimedia, mobile learning, cooperative learning, process approach and theory of motivation. Besides, the curriculum designers should promote the utilization of smartphones to address issues in writing skills

Turkish glass culture and its relationship with contemporary glass and education

The aim of this study is to discuss the connection and interaction between traditional Turkish glassmaking and contemporary glass art and education. This study, in tandem with my own work, will be put into practice.Contemporary glass art education derived from the American Studio Glass Art Movement which began in the 1960's, taking form in a university environment and going on to develop in institutions of higher education. It spread quickly throughout America and abroad. There are a number of points which should be considered, for instance, Turkish art schools have not been affected by the spread of this rapid and influential movement; there was a twenty year gap before its influence was finally seen in Turkey. On closer examination the prevailing factors seem to be cultural and economic. Neither of these factors individually provide the answer, however collectively they form a far clearer picture. At the same time, it is necessary to find where the educational direction of Turkish glass art lies in relation to historical, cultural, economical, political and aesthetic concepts. It is important to analyse these concepts in order to reveal the connections between them.This thesis is based on anthropological and geographical fieldwork, undertaken in order to create a picture of traditional and contemporary glassmaking. Information has been gathered from interviews done in U.K., Turkey, U. S. A. and data has been researched from museums, galleries, art schools, historical and archaeological references and individuals. Many points are illustrated by photographs.This thesis includes four parts. Part one is an introduction to glass, its structure and its development. Part two describes the many aspects of glassmaking in Turkey, from traditional to contemporary. Part three discusses the development of studio glass art specifically in U. S. A. Part four interprets the connection between the cultural values of Turkish glassmaking and studio glass. This concept is demonstrated in an exhibition of contemporary glasswork designed and made by the author mounted in Edinburgh College of Art in June 2000

ICT-driven interactions: on the dynamics of mediated control

Interactions driven by Information Communications Technologies (ICT) have gained significant acceptance and momentum in contemporary organisational settings, this is illustrated by their massive adoption and varied deployment across the various levels of an organisation’s hierarchy. ICTs such as mobile telephones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), videoconferencing, BlackBerries and other forms of portable and immovable computing technologies provide enduring bases for mediated interactions in human activities. This thesis looks into the dynamics of ICT-driven interactions and, distinctively, focuses on the manifestations and implications of mediated control in a collaborative environment. The study draws on the concept of administrative behaviour which leads to the observation that the nature of mediated control is not static, but evolutionarily dynamic that springs from highly unpredictable contexts of work. Thus, interactions driven by ICTs influence and change the dynamics of mediated control against the background of the rhythm, structure and direction of an organisation’s purposeful undertakings. Findings indicate, quite paradoxically, that networks set up through the instrumentality of technology mediated interaction discourage domination and inspire individual discretion in spite of their promise of electronic chains. The analysis reflects the notion that mediated control is not only about the predetermination of targets that are attained at the subordinate level. Indeed, the study advocates a fundamental conceptualisation of mediated control as double-sided concept, integrating the use of discretion that, occasionally, makes subordinates drive and initiate key control techniques that steer organisational life. Therefore, through the application of philosophical hermeneutics for a rigorous data interpretation, this study develops an innovative and holistic understanding of mediated control which not only adds to, but also extends, the current organisational perception of control by the incorporation of discretion and, in the process, makes a distinctive contribution to scholarship

A COMPARISON BETWEEN MOTIVATIONS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS IN RELIGIOUS TOURISTS AND CRUISE SHIP TOURISTS

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the motivations and the personality traits that characterize tourists who choose religious travels versus cruises. Participating in the research were 683 Italian tourists (345 males and 338 females, age range 18–63 years); 483 who went to a pilgrimage travel and 200 who chose a cruise ship in the Mediterranean Sea. Both groups of tourists completed the Travel Motivation Scale and the Big Five Questionnaire. Results show that different motivations and personality traits characterize the different types of tourists and, further, that motivations for traveling are predicted by specific —some similar, other divergent— personality trait

Emigration of Mathematicians and Transmission of Mathematics: Historical Lessons and Consequences of the Third Reich

This conference provided a focused venue to explore the intellectual migration of mathematicians and mathematics spurred by the Nazis and still influential today. The week of talks and discussions (both formal and informal) created a rich opportunity for the cross-fertilization of ideas among almost 50 mathematicians, historians of mathematics, general historians, and curators