52,089 research outputs found
Plasma kinetic theory
The description of plasma using fluid model is mostly insufficient and requires the consideration of velocity distribution which leads to kinetic theory. Kinetic theory of plasma describes and predicts the condition of plasma from microscopic interactions and motions of its constituents. It provides an essential basis for an introductory course on plasma physics as well as for advanced kinetic theory. Plasma kinetics deals with the relationship between velocity and forces and the study of continua in velocity space. Plasma kinetics mathematical equations provide aid to the readers in understanding simple tools to determine the plasma dynamics and kinetics as described in this chapter. Kinetic theory provides the basics and essential introduction to plasma physics and subsequently advanced kinetic theory. Plasma waves, oscillations, frequencies, and applications are the subjects of kinetic theory. In this chapter, mathematical formulations
essential for exploring plasma kinetics are compiled and described simplistically along with a precise discussion on basic plasma parameters in simple language with illustrations in some cases
Requirements Engineering for Pervasive Services
Developing pervasive mobile services for a mass market of end customers entails large up-front investments and therefore a good understanding of customer requirements is of paramount importance. This paper presents an approach for developing requirements engineering method that takes distinguishing features of pervasive services into account and that is based on fundamental insights in design methodology
Coordination and control in project-based work: digital objects and infrastructures for delivery
A major infrastructure project is used to investigate the role of digital objects in the coordination of engineering
design work. From a practice-based perspective, research emphasizes objects as important in enabling
cooperative knowledge work and knowledge sharing. The term âboundary objectâ has become used in the
analysis of mutual and reciprocal knowledge sharing around physical and digital objects. The aim is to extend
this work by analysing the introduction of an extranet into the publicâprivate partnership project used to
construct a new motorway. Multiple categories of digital objects are mobilized in coordination across
heterogeneous, cross-organizational groups. The main findings are that digital objects provide mechanisms for
accountability and control, as well as for mutual and reciprocal knowledge sharing; and that different types of
objects are nested, forming a digital infrastructure for project delivery. Reconceptualizing boundary objects as
a digital infrastructure for delivery has practical implications for management practices on large projects and
for the use of digital tools, such as building information models, in construction. It provides a starting point
for future research into the changing nature of digitally enabled coordination in project-based work
Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference on NASA/University Advanced Space Design Program
Topics discussed include: lunar transportation system, Mars rover, lunar fiberglass production, geosynchronous space stations, regenerative system for growing plants, lunar mining devices, lunar oxygen transporation system, mobile remote manipulator system, Mars exploration, launch/landing facility for a lunar base, and multi-megawatt nuclear power system
Enterprise Systems as Embedding and Disembedding Technologies - Power Implications for Work Relationships
This paper examines Enterprise Systems as a form of disembedding (and conversely reembedding) technology that alters the work relationships in an organization, by altering the power and control bases in such an organization. Enterprise Systems are used to facilitate the seamless integration and data exchange between the various departments within an organization. Their purpose is to automate the exchange of information and streamline the business processes within the organization. Use of an Enterprise System accords to its users responsibilities different from before, and allows for various control mechanisms to take place. Enterprise Systems as (re)embedding and disembedding technologies, lead to different levels of employee empowerment and corresponding managerial control. The results presented here are preliminary and come from an investigation in a single company. These results tend to suggest that Enterprise Systems change the work patterns in a company by disembedding the power bases and reembedding the control mechanisms used. This is accomplished with the empowerment of individuals with increased responsibilities, but also with the better managerial control of employee actions
Supporting decision making process with "Ideal" software agents: what do business executives want?
According to Simonâs (1977) decision making theory, intelligence is the first and most important phase in the decision making process. With the escalation of information resources available to business executives, it is becoming imperative to explore the potential and challenges of using agent-based systems to support the intelligence phase of decision-making. This research examines UK executivesâ perceptions of using agent-based support systems and the criteria for design and development of their âidealâ intelligent software agents. The study adopted an inductive approach using focus groups to generate a preliminary set of design criteria of âidealâ agents. It then followed a deductive approach using semi-structured interviews to validate and enhance the criteria. This qualitative research has generated unique insights into executivesâ perceptions of the design and use of agent-based support systems. The systematic content analysis of qualitative data led to the proposal and validation of design criteria at three levels. The findings revealed the most desirable criteria for agent based support systems from the end usersâ point view. The design criteria can be used not only to guide intelligent agent system design but also system evaluation
ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH THE CULTURE OF LEARNERâS INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE
The concern on learnersâ competence to communicate in English culturally has been
attaining multitude attention within attention to make learner be able to communicate
effectively in English as part of the international society while learners have limited
conceptualization upon cultural issues. On the other hand, the indigenous language(s) is
also threatened by the improvement of interests and practices of learning English. Learners,
along with the language policy in education, tend to move aside or to give less attention onto
the indigenous languages and give more to English. Departed from the purpose of improving
learnersâ cultural understanding in English and at the same time to encourage the existence
of indigenous language, this paper presents language cultural background of English
compared with Javanese and Sasak Languages by employing contrastive analysis and
ethnography study
Behavior change interventions: the potential of ontologies for advancing science and practice
A central goal of behavioral medicine is the creation of evidence-based interventions for promoting behavior change. Scientific knowledge about behavior change could be more effectively accumulated using "ontologies." In information science, an ontology is a systematic method for articulating a "controlled vocabulary" of agreed-upon terms and their inter-relationships. It involves three core elements: (1) a controlled vocabulary specifying and defining existing classes; (2) specification of the inter-relationships between classes; and (3) codification in a computer-readable format to enable knowledge generation, organization, reuse, integration, and analysis. This paper introduces ontologies, provides a review of current efforts to create ontologies related to behavior change interventions and suggests future work. This paper was written by behavioral medicine and information science experts and was developed in partnership between the Society of Behavioral Medicine's Technology Special Interest Group (SIG) and the Theories and Techniques of Behavior Change Interventions SIG. In recent years significant progress has been made in the foundational work needed to develop ontologies of behavior change. Ontologies of behavior change could facilitate a transformation of behavioral science from a field in which data from different experiments are siloed into one in which data across experiments could be compared and/or integrated. This could facilitate new approaches to hypothesis generation and knowledge discovery in behavioral science
Using a Multiple-Case Studies Design to Investigate the Information-Seeking Behavior of Arts Administrators
The case study method, and in particular the multiple???case studies
design, offers LIS researchers a proven tool for achieving a deep
understanding of a specific phenomenon???-for example, the information-
seeking behavior of a particular user group. Although the
case study method has been dismissed by critics who question the
rigor of the approach, numerous studies over the past twenty years
have demonstrated that the case study method can be used successfully
to probe beneath the surface of a situation and to provide a
rich context for understanding the phenomena under study. This
article summarizes the application of the multiple???case studies design,
in which a literal and theoretical replication strategy is used to
identify consistent patterns of behavior and to uncover new and/or
divergent themes. The motivation behind arts administrators??? decisions
to seek information is investigated using this approach and
examples are given of sample selection, data collection, and analysis.
Specific issues associated with the case study method are identified
and practical steps used to address them are suggested.published or submitted for publicatio
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