COLLABORATING TO RUIN? US NATIONAL LABORATORIES AND THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS

Following the Cold War, Russian and US research institutions forged new collaborative ties to take advantage of perceived complementarities in conducting scientific research as part of US nonproliferation initiatives. These ties appear to have been successful in the broader nonproliferation context as relatively few Russian nuclear scientists emigrated to perceived rogue states like Iran and North Korea in the years that immediately followed the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Early on, the research benefits of these ties appeared to be significant. Today, as the Russian science and technology cadre is going through a demographic transition and the Russian state is following a corporatist policy in rebuilding its scientific research and development base, the appropriable benefits associated with continuing these policies for US research partners are less obvious. This assessment is an attempt to gain an empirical understanding of the appropriable benefits from US-Russian research engagement apart from the nonproliferation context. As such, this study examines these collaborations using an alternative network analysis methodology with reference to a knowledge-based model of research and development generation. To assure tractability, the analysis focuses its attention on a subset of institutions that have been broadly ignored in studies of research collaboration — US national laboratories and their Russian counterparts. The resulting analysis challenges the conventional wisdom of the appropriable virtues of scientific collaboration. For the limited set of relationships examined in this study, this analysis suggests participation in international collaborations between the largest US national laboratories and their Russian counterparts can actually reduce individual researchers basic research productivity — clearly not a policy goal for a major national research and development establishment. To achieve better appropriability, this finding and its contextual factors are used to demarcate areas of inquiry where Russian-US engagement has an empirical track record of utility and should continue from areas where collaboration has had little success

Reports to the President

A compilation of annual reports for the 1989-1990 academic year, including a report from the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as reports from the academic and administrative units of the Institute. The reports outline the year's goals, accomplishments, honors and awards, and future plans

Reports to the President

A compilation of annual reports for the 1990-1991 academic year, including a report from the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as reports from the academic and administrative units of the Institute. The reports outline the year's goals, accomplishments, honors and awards, and future plans

A Practical Globalization of One-shot Optimization for Optimal Design of Tokamak Divertors

In past studies, nested optimization methods were successfully applied to design of the magnetic divertor configuration in nuclear fusion reactors. In this paper, so-called one-shot optimization methods are pursued. Due to convergence issues, a globalization strategy for the one-shot solver is sought. Whereas Griewank introduced a globalization strategy using a doubly augmented Lagrangian function that includes primal and adjoint residuals, its practical usability is limited by the necessity of second order derivatives and expensive line search iterations. In this paper, a practical alternative is offered that avoids these drawbacks by using a regular augmented Lagrangian merit function that penalizes only state residuals. Additionally, robust rank-two Hessian estimation is achieved by adaptation of Powell's damped BFGS update rule. The application of the novel one-shot approach to magnetic divertor design is considered in detail. For this purpose, the approach is adapted to be complementary with practical in parts adjoint sensitivities. Using the globalization strategy, stable convergence of the one-shot approach is achieved.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: A practical globalization of one-shot optimization for optimal design of tokamak divertors journaltitle: Journal of Computational Physics articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2016.10.041 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.status: publishe