Sayısal haberleşme sistemlerinde esnek karar verme demodülasyon yöntemlerinin FPGA üzerinde etkin bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Sayısal haberleşme sistemlerinde esnek karar verme demodülasyon, yumuşak giriş yumuşak çıkış kod çözücü için esnek bit değerleri üreten bir demodülasyon tekniğidir. Esnek bit değerleri, kod çözücü için geniş bir aralıkta karar verme imkanı sağladığı için, katı bit değerlerine göre daha yüksek hata düzeltme performansı sağlamaktadır. Toplanır Beyaz Gauss Gürültüsü (AWGN) kanalı modelinde en iyi sonuç üreten esnek karar verme demodülasyon yöntemi Logaritmik Olabilirlik Oranı (LLR) yöntemidir. LLR yöntemi için, sahip olduğu karmaşık işlemler ve karmaşık işlemlerin gerektirdiği yüksek donanım karmaşıklığından dolayı, literatürde alternatif birçok yöntem önerilmiştir. Bu tezin amacı; sayısal haberleşme sistemlerinde kullanılan esnek karar verme demodülasyon yöntemlerini incelemek, bu yöntemlere alternatif olarak işlem karmaşıklığı ve performans açısından daha uygun bir yöntem önermek ve önerilen bu yöntemi FPGA üzerinde etkin bir şekilde gerçekleştirmektir. Bu amaçla, öncelikle literatürde yer alan ve LLR yöntemine alternatif olarak sunulmuş olan yöntemler, işlem karmaşıklığı ve performans açısından incelenmiştir. Daha sonra 8PSK demodülasyonu için karar çizgilerine olan uzaklığı esas alan yeni bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Önerilen bu yöntemin simülasyonları IEEE 802.11n LDPC kodları kullanılarak yapılmış ve geleneksel yöntemler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen yöntem MAX yöntemine göre yaklaşık %85 işlem tasarrufu sağlamasına karşın performansta ciddi bir kayıp görülmemiştir. Son olarak önerilen yöntem FPGA üzerinde gerçeklenmiş ve MAX yöntemine göre yaklaşık %85 donanım tasarrufu sağlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak önerilen esnek karar verme demodülasyon yönteminin 8PSK esnek karar verme demodülasyon uygulamaları için daha uygun bir yöntem olduğu gösterilmiştir.In digital communication systems, soft decision demapper is a digital demodulation technique which provides soft-bit values for iterative soft-in-soft-output (SISO) channel decoder. Soft-bit values provide higher decoding performance compared to hard-bit values, because of its wide decision range. In Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel model, optimal soft-decision technique is Log-Likelihood Ratio. Although LLR provides optimal result for soft decision, it requires complex operations that increase hardware complexity. Therefore, many estimation methods have been proposed in literature as alternative to LLR. The aim of this thesis; finding and introducing the most appropriate method for soft decision demapper applications in terms of performance and computation complexity, and its efficient FPGA implementation. Towards this aim, the soft decision demapping estimation methods which proposed in literature as alternative to LLR were investigated, in terms of performance and computation complexity. Afterwards, a new soft decision demapping estimation method, which based on distance to decision boundary, was proposed for 8PSK demodulation. The proposed method was simulated using LDPC codes of IEEE 802.11n standard and negligible performance loss has been observed compared to MAX demapping technique. Finally, the proposed method was implemented on FPGA and % 85 hardware savings has been observed compared to MAX method. Consequently, the proposed soft-decision demapping method is the most suitable method for 8PSK demodulations

Constellation design for future communication systems: a comprehensive survey

[EN] The choice of modulation schemes is a fundamental building block of wireless communication systems. As a key component of physical layer design, they critically impact the expected communication capacity and wireless signal robustness. Their design is also critical for the successful roll-out of wireless standards that require a compromise between performance, efficiency, latency, and hardware requirements. This paper presents a survey of constellation design strategies and associated outcomes for wireless communication systems. The survey discusses their performance and complexity to address the need for some desirable properties, including consistency, channel capacity, system performance, required demapping architecture, flexibility, and independence. Existing approaches for constellation designs are investigated using appropriate metrics and categorized based on their theoretical algorithm design. Next, their application to different communication standards is analyzed in context, aiming at distilling general guidelines applicable to the wireless building block design. Finally, the survey provides a discussion on design directions for future communication system standardization processes.This work was supported in part by the Basque Government under Grant IT1234-19, in part by the PREDOC under Program PRE_2020_2_0105, and in part by the Spanish Government through the Project PHANTOM (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) under Gran

Performance evaluation of DVB-S2X over satellite channels

Esposizione del funzionamento generale dello standard DVB-S2X, e delle componenti principali di un canale di comunicazione satellitare. Valutazione delle prestazioni dello standard DVB-S2X su modelli di canale satellitare. Analisi della probabilità d'errore sul pacchetto su diversi MODCOD, e della loro efficienza spettrale. Confronto delle prestazioni di due tipi di filtri per la trasmissione con diversi roll-off, quelli esaminati sono 20% e 5

Advanced constellation and demapper schemes for next generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting systems

206 p.Esta tesis presenta un nuevo tipo de constelaciones llamadas no uniformes. Estos esquemas presentan una eficacia de hasta 1,8 dB superior a las utilizadas en los últimos sistemas de comunicaciones de televisión digital terrestre y son extrapolables a cualquier otro sistema de comunicaciones (satélite, móvil, cable¿). Además, este trabajo contribuye al diseño de constelaciones con una nueva metodología que reduce el tiempo de optimización de días/horas (metodologías actuales) a horas/minutos con la misma eficiencia. Todas las constelaciones diseñadas se testean bajo una plataforma creada en esta tesis que simula el estándar de radiodifusión terrestre más avanzado hasta la fecha (ATSC 3.0) bajo condiciones reales de funcionamiento.Por otro lado, para disminuir la latencia de decodificación de estas constelaciones esta tesis propone dos técnicas de detección/demapeo. Una es para constelaciones no uniformes de dos dimensiones la cual disminuye hasta en un 99,7% la complejidad del demapeo sin empeorar el funcionamiento del sistema. La segunda técnica de detección se centra en las constelaciones no uniformes de una dimensión y presenta hasta un 87,5% de reducción de la complejidad del receptor sin pérdidas en el rendimiento.Por último, este trabajo expone un completo estado del arte sobre tipos de constelaciones, modelos de sistema, y diseño/demapeo de constelaciones. Este estudio es el primero realizado en este campo

Signal Design and Machine Learning Assisted Nonlinearity Compensation for Coherent Optical Fibre Communication Links

This thesis investigates low-complexity digital signal processing (DSP) for signal design and nonlinearity compensation strategies to improve the performance of single-mode optical fibre links over different distance scales. The performance of a novel ML-assisted inverse regular perturbation technique that mitigates fibre nonlinearities was investigated numerically with a dual-polarization 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) link over 800 km distance. The model outperformed the heuristically-optimised digital backpropagation approach with <5 steps per span and mitigated the gain expansion issue, which limits the accuracy of an untrained model when the balance between the nonlinear and linear components becomes considerable. For short reach links, the phase noise due to low-cost, high-linewidth lasers is a more significant channel impairment. A novel constellation optimisation algorithm was, therefore, proposed to design modulation formats that are robust against both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and the residual laser phase noise (i.e., after carrier phase estimation). Subsequently, these constellations were numerically validated in the context of a 400ZR standard system, and achieved up to 1.2 dB gains in comparison with the modulation formats which were optimised only for the AWGN channel. The thesis concludes by examining a joint strategy to modulate and demodulate signals in a partially-coherent AWGN (PCAWGN) channel. With a low-complexity PCAWGN demapper, 8- to 64-ary modulation formats were designed and validated through numerical simulations. The bit-wise achievable information rates (AIR) and post forward error correction (FEC) bit error rates (BER) of the designed constellations were numerically validated with: the theoretically optimum, Euclidean (conventional), and low-complexity PCAWGN demappers. The resulting constellations demonstrated post-FEC BER shaping gains of up to 2.59 dB and 2.19 dB versus uniform 64 QAM and 64-ary constellations shaped for the purely AWGN channel model, respectively. The described geometric shaping strategies can be used to either relax linewidth and/or carrier phase estimator requirements, or to increase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) tolerance of a system in the presence of residual phase noise

An integrated monitoring and communication device for use on 11 kV overhead lines

In this thesis, an integrated monitoring device for use on 11 kV overhead lines has been developed. Uniquely, the devices use an optimised form of Power Line Communication to enable a low latency communication network. It is shown that such a network is able to facilitate new and improved applications and offer tangible benefits to the network operator

A POLAR-BASED DEMAPPER OF 8PSK DEMODULATION FOR DVB-S2 SYSTEMS

In this paper, we propose a polar-based 8-PSK demapper for DVB-S2 receivers. This demapper computes the Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) of the transmitted bit using the polar coordinate of the received 8-PSK symbol. Thanks to interpolation and approximation, the resulting demapper outperforms the classical LLR receiver based on Cartesian coordinates. Simulation shows almost no degradation compared to the optimal LLR generation for a 5-bit input precision of the LDPC decoder1. Index Terms — Receivers, Digital communication, Digital video broadcasting, Satellite communication, Telecommunications