Advances in Assistive Electronic Device Solutions for Urology

Recent technology advances have led urology to become one of the leading specialities to utilise novel electronic systems to manage urological ailments. Contemporary bladder management strategies such as urinary catheters can provide a solution but leave the user mentally and physically debilitated. The unique properties of modern electronic devices, i.e., flexibility, stretchability, and biocompatibility, have allowed a plethora of new technologies to emerge. Many novel electronic device solutions in urology have been developed for treating impaired bladder disorders. These disorders include overactive bladder (OAB), underactive bladder (UAB) and other-urinary-affecting disorders (OUAD). This paper reviews common causes and conservative treatment strategies for OAB, UAB and OUAD, discussing the challenges and drawbacks of such treatments. Subsequently, this paper gives insight into clinically approved and research-based electronic advances in urology. Advances in this area cover bladder-stimulation and -monitoring devices, robot-assistive surgery, and bladder and sphincter prosthesis. This study aims to introduce the latest advances in electronic solutions for urology, comparing their advantages and disadvantages, and concluding with open problems for future urological device solutions

Mapping and Ablation Catheter for Overactive Bladder Condition

This team worked in collaboration with an outside sponsor, and designed a method to address various diseases that currently do not have sufficient treatments. An extensive perfusion system was created to mimic in vivo conditions to further test the team’s method of treatment. The team created a conceptual prototype and specific computer aided models to be used for development. The team filed for patent with the outside sponsor in order to move forward with official development of the treatment

Design, Realization, and Assessment of a High-Fidelity Physical Simulator for the Investigation of Childbirth-Induced Pelvic Floor Damage

Vaginal delivery is one of the main causes of pelvic floor damage, which can lead to short- and long-term clinical consequences called pelvic floor dysfunctions. The number of women affected by this pathology is continuously rising, representing both a medical issue and an important financial burden. Prevention represents the best strategy of care, but it requires a deep understanding of the injury mechanisms, which is currently lacking. Simulation can help to identify the main factors affecting a clinical event, reducing the need for in vivo investigations. However, current simulators poorly mimic the pelvic structures and do not provide any feedback. These limitations led to the development of an innovative high-fidelity physical simulator to study the mechanisms behind pelvic floor damage caused by vaginal delivery. Anatomically correct gynecological structures were realized using soft materials able to resemble human tissue behavior. Ad hoc stretch sensors were realized with conductive fabric and integrated into the simulator to evaluate tissue elongation caused by the passage of the fetal head. Evaluation of the simulator was carried out both in laboratory conditions and by involving expert clinicians. Gynecologists determined that the simulator is a valid teaching and training tool that is able to provide feedback on instantaneous pelvic floor elongation, thus potentially preventing induced tissue damage

Serious Games and Mixed Reality Applications for Healthcare

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have long histories in the healthcare sector, offering the opportunity to develop a wide range of tools and applications aimed at improving the quality of care and efficiency of services for professionals and patients alike. The best-known examples of VR–AR applications in the healthcare domain include surgical planning and medical training by means of simulation technologies. Techniques used in surgical simulation have also been applied to cognitive and motor rehabilitation, pain management, and patient and professional education. Serious games are ones in which the main goal is not entertainment, but a crucial purpose, ranging from the acquisition of knowledge to interactive training.These games are attracting growing attention in healthcare because of their several benefits: motivation, interactivity, adaptation to user competence level, flexibility in time, repeatability, and continuous feedback. Recently, healthcare has also become one of the biggest adopters of mixed reality (MR), which merges real and virtual content to generate novel environments, where physical and digital objects not only coexist, but are also capable of interacting with each other in real time, encompassing both VR and AR applications.This Special Issue aims to gather and publish original scientific contributions exploring opportunities and addressing challenges in both the theoretical and applied aspects of VR–AR and MR applications in healthcare