Two Level Disambiguation Model for Query Translation

Selection of the most suitable translation among all translation candidates returned by bilingual dictionary has always been quiet challenging task for any cross language query translation. Researchers have frequently tried to use word co-occurrence statistics to determine the most probable translation for user query. Algorithms using such statistics have certain shortcomings, which are focused in this paper. We propose a novel method for ambiguity resolution, named ‘two level disambiguation model’. At first level disambiguation, the model properly weighs the importance of translation alternatives of query terms obtained from the dictionary. The importance factor measures the probability of a translation candidate of being selected as the final translation of a query term. This removes the problem of taking binary decision for translation candidates. At second level disambiguation, the model targets the user query as a single concept and deduces the translation of all query terms simultaneously, taking into account the weights of translation alternatives also. This is contrary to previous researches which select translation for each word in source language query independently. The experimental result with English-Hindi cross language information retrieval shows that the proposed two level disambiguation model achieved 79.53% and 83.50% of monolingual translation and 21.11% and 17.36% improvement compared to greedy disambiguation strategies in terms of MAP for short and long queries respectively

Evaluating the pronunciation component of text-to-speech systems for English: A performance comparison of different approaches

The automatic derivation of word pronunciations from input text is a central task for any text-to-speech system. For general English text at least, this is often thought to be a solved problem, with manually-derived linguistic rules assumed capable of handling `novel' words missing from the system dictionary. Data-driven methods, based on machine learning of the regularities implicit in a large pronouncing dictionary, have received considerable attention recently but are generally thought to perform less well. However, these tentative beliefs are at best uncertain without powerful methods for comparing text-to-phoneme subsystems. This paper contributes to the development of such methods by comparing the performance of four representative approaches to automatic phonemisation on the same test dictionary. As well as rule-based approaches, three data-driven techniques are evaluated: pronunciation by analogy (PbA), NETspeak and IB1-IG (a modified k-nearest neighbour method). Issues involved in comparative evaluation are detailed and elucidated. The data-driven techniques outperform rules in accuracy of letter-to-phoneme translation by a very significant margin but require aligned text-phoneme training data and are slower. Best translation results are obtained with PbA at approximately 72% words correct on a reasonably large pronouncing dictionary, compared to something like 26% words correct for the rules, indicating that automatic pronunciation of text is not a solved problem

The Translation Analysis of English Idiom in the Novel “The Land of Five Towers” By A. Fuadi

ENES DWI JULIANDANI : THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH IDIOM IN THE NOVEL “THE LAND OF FIVE TOWERS” BY A. FUADI Translation is one effective way to understand the English language with ease. In other to achieve a good translation, the translator must have a good knowledge of the source language and the target gets messy language. Translation error for the results, and may lead to misinterpretation of the text that disrupt overall understanding of the translation. The translation may deviate from the original text means that the translation errors of the source language to the target language, especially in translating English Idioms. In other words, the message in the source language can not be delivered through the target language well. Language understanding, both Bsu and Bsa, absolutely required by the interpreter to produce a translation that is accurate and reasonable message to the target language. The paper untitled “ The Translation Analysis of English Idiom in the novel “The Land of Five Towers” is aimed to describe the types of idiom in the novel the land of five Towers, the Indonesian equivalences of English Idiom and the Translation Strategies of Idiom. The analysis mainly uses a descriptive qualitative method or library method based on the theory of Hockett (1985:310-318) and the theory of Baker (1992:72), and strengthened by the theory of Newmark (1988: 45-47), in addition, Idiom Dictionary is also used to support the analysis. The data of the research is taken from the novels (The Land of Five Towers and Negeri Lima Menara) then from the data that the authors did reading, underlining, writing and coding. Findings show that in the novel The Land of Five Towers there are six the types of idiom in this novel by the theory of Hockett, are: substitute (Sub), proper names (Pn), abbreviation (Abb), English phrasal compound (EPC), figure of speech (Fs) and slang (Sl). It seems from the finding result of the research that substitute holds the highest frequency in this novel. Finding result also show the Indonesian Equivalence in the novel “Negeri Lima Menara” with line and page to easily understand. The findings also show there are four the translation strategies of idiom in this novel by the theory of Baker, are: using an idiom similar meaning and form, using an idiom similar meaning but dissimilar form (ISMDF), translation by paraphrase (paraphrase) and translation by omission (TO). It seems from the finding result of the research that mostly Using an idiom similar meaning and form (ISMF)

The Translation Analysis of English Idiom in the Novel “The Land of Five Towers” By A. Fuadi

ENES DWI JULIANDANI : THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH IDIOM IN THE NOVEL “THE LAND OF FIVE TOWERS” BY A. FUADI Translation is one effective way to understand the English language with ease. In other to achieve a good translation, the translator must have a good knowledge of the source language and the target gets messy language. Translation error for the results, and may lead to misinterpretation of the text that disrupt overall understanding of the translation. The translation may deviate from the original text means that the translation errors of the source language to the target language, especially in translating English Idioms. In other words, the message in the source language can not be delivered through the target language well. Language understanding, both Bsu and Bsa, absolutely required by the interpreter to produce a translation that is accurate and reasonable message to the target language. The paper untitled “ The Translation Analysis of English Idiom in the novel “The Land of Five Towers” is aimed to describe the types of idiom in the novel the land of five Towers, the Indonesian equivalences of English Idiom and the Translation Strategies of Idiom. The analysis mainly uses a descriptive qualitative method or library method based on the theory of Hockett (1985:310-318) and the theory of Baker (1992:72), and strengthened by the theory of Newmark (1988: 45-47), in addition, Idiom Dictionary is also used to support the analysis. The data of the research is taken from the novels (The Land of Five Towers and Negeri Lima Menara) then from the data that the authors did reading, underlining, writing and coding. Findings show that in the novel The Land of Five Towers there are six the types of idiom in this novel by the theory of Hockett, are: substitute (Sub), proper names (Pn), abbreviation (Abb), English phrasal compound (EPC), figure of speech (Fs) and slang (Sl). It seems from the finding result of the research that substitute holds the highest frequency in this novel. Finding result also show the Indonesian Equivalence in the novel “Negeri Lima Menara” with line and page to easily understand. The findings also show there are four the translation strategies of idiom in this novel by the theory of Baker, are: using an idiom similar meaning and form, using an idiom similar meaning but dissimilar form (ISMDF), translation by paraphrase (paraphrase) and translation by omission (TO). It seems from the finding result of the research that mostly Using an idiom similar meaning and form (ISMF)

Intelligent audit code generation from free text in the context of neurosurgery

Clinical auditing requires codified data for aggregation and analysis of patterns. However in the medical domain obtaining structured data can be difficult as the most natural, expressive and comprehensive way to record a clinical encounter is through natural language. The task of creating structured data from naturally expressed information is known as information extraction. Specialised areas of medicine use their own language and data structures; the translation process has unique challenges, and often requires a fresh approach. This research is devoted to creating a novel semi-automated method for generating codified auditing data from clinical notes recorded in a neurosurgical department in an Australian teaching hospital. The method encapsulates specialist knowledge in rules that instantaneously make precise decisions for the majority of the matches, followed up by dictionary-based matching of the remaining text

THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN FIGURATIVE LANGUAGES INTO ENGLISH IN NOVEL “THE LAND OF FIVE TOWERS"

NOVERA SHOLEHATUN: THE TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN FIGURATIVE LANGUAGES INTO ENGLISH IN NOVEL “THE LAND OF FIVE TOWERS" Translation is an important object of study; it is a process of transferring message from a source language (SL) into a target language (TL). Catford (1980: 20) quoted by Langgeng Budianto and Aan Fardhani (2010: 1) said that translation is the replacement of textual material in another language. Translation helps people to exchange ideas and equipments that cannot be dispensed within our daily life. One of the responsibilities of a translator is to be clever in choosing names for scientific innovation of every sort of science that he/she intends to translate to his/her mother tongue. According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2005: 433), figurative language is a word or phrase used for vivid or dramatic effect. Figurative Language is language using figures of speech (a way of saying one thing and meaning in another word); it can be said that it is a language that cannot be taken literally (or should not be taken literally only). Translation plays an important role in helping student in order to ease them in translating new words. Generally it happened in grammar translation method. Although figurative language is important to study, but many students are found many difficulties in translating figurative language from source language (SL) into target language (TL). They cannot translate it word by word, because it must be translated accurately. The objective of the research is to analyze the translation of Indonesian figurative languages into English in novel entitled “The Land of Five Towers”. This thesis belongs to document analysis and the techniques of collecting the data are reading and taking notes. Then the data are analyzed based on the kinds of figurative language and the linguistic features in figurative expressions. The result of colecting and analysing the data from the novel can be concluded that simile is the most frequently type of figurative language used in the novel. It seems that the author intended to make a clear image of the situation happened to the characters in the novel. The dynamic equivalence is the most frequently used by the translator to present a natural translation to the readers. Generally, this translation has fulfilled the criteria of good translation

Image registration with sparse approximations in parametric dictionaries

We examine in this paper the problem of image registration from the new perspective where images are given by sparse approximations in parametric dictionaries of geometric functions. We propose a registration algorithm that looks for an estimate of the global transformation between sparse images by examining the set of relative geometrical transformations between the respective features. We propose a theoretical analysis of our registration algorithm and we derive performance guarantees based on two novel important properties of redundant dictionaries, namely the robust linear independence and the transformation inconsistency. We propose several illustrations and insights about the importance of these dictionary properties and show that common properties such as coherence or restricted isometry property fail to provide sufficient information in registration problems. We finally show with illustrative experiments on simple visual objects and handwritten digits images that our algorithm outperforms baseline competitor methods in terms of transformation-invariant distance computation and classification