748 research outputs found
Visible Light Optical Camera Communication for Electroencephalography Applications
Due to the cable-free deployment and flexibility of wireless communications, the data transmission in the applications of home and healthcare has shown a trend of moving wired communications to wireless communications. One typical example is electroencephalography (EEG). Evolution in the radio frequency (RF) technology has made it is possible to transmit the EEG data without data cable bundles. However, presently, the RF-based wireless technology used in EEG suffers from electromagnetic interference and might also have adverse effects on the health of patient and other medical equipment used in hospitals or homes. This puts some limits in RF-based EEG solutions, which is particularly true in RF restricted zones like Intensive Care Units (ICUs). As a recently developed optical wireless communication (OWC) technology, visible light communication (VLC) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for both simultaneous illumination and data communication has shown its advantages of free from electromagnetic interference, potential huge unlicensed bandwidth and enhanced data privacy due to the line transmission of light. The most recent development of VLC is the optical camera communication (OCC), which is an extension of VLC IEEE standard 802.15.7, also referred to as visible light optical camera communication (VL-OCC). Different from the conventional VLC where traditional photodiodes are used to detect and receive the data, VL-OCC uses the imaging camera as the photodetector to receive the data in the form of visible light signals. The data rate requirement of EEG is dependent on the application; hence this thesis investigates a low cost, organic LED (OLED)-driven VL-OCC wireless data transmission system for EEG applications
Enhancing Indoor Localisation: a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Beacon Placement approach
Indoor location-based services have become increasingly vital in various sectors,
including industries, healthcare, airports, and crowded infrastructures, facilitating
asset tracking and user navigation. This project addresses the critical challenge of
optimising beacon placement for indoor location, employing Bluetooth technology
as the communication protocol. The significance of this research lies in the effi ciency and accuracy that an optimised beacon layout can provide, enhancing the
effectiveness of indoor positioning systems. The algorithm developed takes into con sideration materials attenuation, coverage and Line of Sight (LOS) conditions to
optimise its layouts. Experimental validation of the algorithmās performance was
conducted by comparing two beacon layouts: one optimised by the algorithm and
the other manually arranged by individuals with empirical knowledge in the field.
The experiment considered three distinct positions within the schematic, allowing
for a comprehensive assessment of the optimised layoutās superior performance. The
results of this research offer insights into the potential of the algorithm to revolu tionise indoor location services, providing a more reliable and cost-effective solution
for a multitude of applications.Os serviƧos de localizaĆ§Ć£o em ambientes internos tornaram-se cada vez mais essenciais em vĆ”rios setores, incluindo indĆŗstrias, cuidados de saĆŗde, aeroportos e
infraestruturas movimentadas, facilitando o rastreamento de objetos e a navegaĆ§Ć£o
de utilizadores. Este projeto aborda o desafio crĆtico da otimizaĆ§Ć£o da colocaĆ§Ć£o de
beacons para localizaĆ§Ć£o em ambientes internos, utilizando a tecnologia Bluetooth
como protocolo de comunicaĆ§Ć£o. A importĆ¢ncia desta pesquisa reside na eficiĆŖncia e
precisĆ£o que uma disposiĆ§Ć£o otimizada de beacons pode proporcionar, melhorando
a eficĆ”cia de sistemas de posicionamento em ambientes internos. O algoritmo desenvolvido leva em consideraĆ§Ć£o a atenuaĆ§Ć£o de materiais, a cobertura e as condiƧƵes
de visĆ£o direta para otimizar as suas disposiƧƵes. A validaĆ§Ć£o experimental do desempenho do algoritmo foi realizada ao comparar duas disposiƧƵes de beacons: uma
otimizada pelo algoritmo e outra organizada manualmente por indivĆduos com conhecimento empĆrico na Ć”rea. A experiĆŖncia considerou trĆŖs posiƧƵes distintas no
esquema, permitindo uma avaliaĆ§Ć£o abrangente do desempenho superior da disposiĆ§Ć£o otimizada. Os resultados desta pesquisa oferecem descobertas importantes
sobre o potencial do algoritmo para revolucionar os serviƧos de localizaĆ§Ć£o em ambientes internos, proporcionando uma soluĆ§Ć£o mais confiĆ”vel e econĆ“mica para uma
variedade de aplicaƧƵes
A review of smartphones based indoor positioning: challenges and applications
The continual proliferation of mobile devices has encouraged much effort in
using the smartphones for indoor positioning. This article is dedicated to
review the most recent and interesting smartphones based indoor navigation
systems, ranging from electromagnetic to inertia to visible light ones, with an
emphasis on their unique challenges and potential real-world applications. A
taxonomy of smartphones sensors will be introduced, which serves as the basis
to categorise different positioning systems for reviewing. A set of criteria to
be used for the evaluation purpose will be devised. For each sensor category,
the most recent, interesting and practical systems will be examined, with
detailed discussion on the open research questions for the academics, and the
practicality for the potential clients
A Prospective Look: Key Enabling Technologies, Applications and Open Research Topics in 6G Networks
The fifth generation (5G) mobile networks are envisaged to enable a plethora
of breakthrough advancements in wireless technologies, providing support of a
diverse set of services over a single platform. While the deployment of 5G
systems is scaling up globally, it is time to look ahead for beyond 5G systems.
This is driven by the emerging societal trends, calling for fully automated
systems and intelligent services supported by extended reality and haptics
communications. To accommodate the stringent requirements of their prospective
applications, which are data-driven and defined by extremely low-latency,
ultra-reliable, fast and seamless wireless connectivity, research initiatives
are currently focusing on a progressive roadmap towards the sixth generation
(6G) networks. In this article, we shed light on some of the major enabling
technologies for 6G, which are expected to revolutionize the fundamental
architectures of cellular networks and provide multiple homogeneous artificial
intelligence-empowered services, including distributed communications, control,
computing, sensing, and energy, from its core to its end nodes. Particularly,
this paper aims to answer several 6G framework related questions: What are the
driving forces for the development of 6G? How will the enabling technologies of
6G differ from those in 5G? What kind of applications and interactions will
they support which would not be supported by 5G? We address these questions by
presenting a profound study of the 6G vision and outlining five of its
disruptive technologies, i.e., terahertz communications, programmable
metasurfaces, drone-based communications, backscatter communications and
tactile internet, as well as their potential applications. Then, by leveraging
the state-of-the-art literature surveyed for each technology, we discuss their
requirements, key challenges, and open research problems
A prospective look: key enabling technologies, applications and open research topics in 6G networks
The fifth generation (5G) mobile networks are envisaged to enable a plethora of breakthrough advancements in wireless technologies, providing support of a diverse set of services over a single platform. While the deployment of 5G systems is scaling up globally, it is time to look ahead for beyond 5G systems. This is mainly driven by the emerging societal trends, calling for fully automated systems and intelligent services supported by extended reality and haptics communications. To accommodate the stringent requirements of their prospective applications, which are data-driven and defined by extremely low-latency, ultra-reliable, fast and seamless wireless connectivity, research initiatives are currently focusing on a progressive roadmap towards the sixth generation (6G) networks, which are expected to bring transformative changes to this premise. In this article, we shed light on some of the major enabling technologies for 6G, which are expected to revolutionize the fundamental architectures of cellular networks and provide multiple homogeneous artificial intelligence-empowered services, including distributed communications, control, computing, sensing, and energy, from its core to its end nodes. In particular, the present paper aims to answer several 6G framework related questions: What are the driving forces for the development of 6G? How will the enabling technologies of 6G differ from those in 5G? What kind of applications and interactions will they support which would not be supported by 5G? We address these questions by presenting a comprehensive study of the 6G vision and outlining seven of its disruptive technologies, i.e., mmWave communications, terahertz communications, optical wireless communications, programmable metasurfaces, drone-based communications, backscatter communications and tactile internet, as well as their potential applications. Then, by leveraging the state-of-the-art literature surveyed for each technology, we discuss the associated requirements, key challenges, and open research problems. These discussions are thereafter used to open up the horizon for future research directions
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