Investigation on smart bi-directional inverter with quantitative reactive power compensation and interleaved DC/DC converter for micro-grid system

The PhD project aims to develop a smart grid-connected inverter (SGCI) for a micro-grid, which can be applied in a built environment such as a community, and associated power electronic DC/DC converters. The micro-grid generally includes distributed renewable power generators and battery storage. The SGCI is a bi-directional DC/AC inverter for distributed generation with battery storage installed at its DC side. In one aspect, it is expected the DC/AC inverter functions as a controlled inverter that can deliver expected real power to the power grid with quantitative reactive power compensation (RPC). In other words, all the SGCIs in the community microgrid can share the reactive power of the whole community because a SGCI can quantify its active and reactive power output. It is also expected that the inverter can work in both on-grid and off-grid modes. In other words, the DC/AC inverter functions as a controlled rectifier with high quality power factor correction (PFC), which can deliver expected DC power from the AC power grid at unity power factor. With the above features, battery storage on the DC bus of the SGCI can be charged/discharged through a four-phase, interleaved, bi-directional, boost/buck DC/DC converter (IBDBBC) for distributed renewable power system, either wind or solar PV or hybrid wind/solar PV system. The IBDBBC can discharge power from a low voltage battery to a high voltage DC bus as the IBDBBC operates in boost mode, or it can also draw power from the DC bus to charge the battery as the IBDBBC operates in buck mode. Based on MATLAB/Simulink, a mathematical model was developed for the grid-connected bi-directional DC/AC inverter that operates as a rectifier with PFC and as a grid-connected inverter (GCI) with expected real power output and quantitative RPC. In a practical application, the sampling of input signal through AD converter usually has some noise due to common-mode interference; simulation results demonstrate that the second order generalised integrator (SOGI) has great advantages to prevent interference. Therefore, SOGI can be utilised to construct a pair of orthogonal signals in a single-phase system to instantaneously split grid’s active and reactive power to achieve RPC for local community loads. The methodology of the constructed the pair of orthogonal signals was also used to generate the required reference current for the DC/AC inverter when which operated as a single-phase rectifier with PFC. Using three TI C2000 Solar Inverter DSK Boards, a small lab scale distributed power system was developed. In the lab distributed power system, the operating mode of the inverters could be switched between on-grid and off-grid through instruction from the control centre. The lab test outcomes demonstrate that each distributed power system unit worked properly under loss of power grid signal, simulating grid failure

Analysis, Design and Control of a Modular Full-Si Converter Concept for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Charging

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

Control of the Three Phase PFC Rectifier

Tato závěrečná práce se na počátku zaměřuje na různé řídicí metody, které lze aplikovat na třífázové usměrňovače s funkcí PFC. Směruje se především k vídeňskému usměrňovači, jež tvoří jednu z možných struktur těchto typů usměrňovačů. Další kapitola se následně zabývá metodami synchronizace třífázových usměrňovačů se sítí snížené kvality. Je zde vyzdvižena, a v následujících simulacích uplatněna, nejpoužívanější metoda PLL, jež ke své činnosti využívá vektorové transformace. Třetí kapitola je věnována simulačnímu ověření zvolené metody řízení vektorové PWM modulace, jež poskytuje řadu výhodných vlastností, zvláště z hlediska THD a spínacích ztrát vznikajících na výkonových spínačích. Ve čtvrté kapitole je zmíněná řídicí deska, jež byla v rámci spolupráce navržena a následně sestavena. Závěrečná kapitola si klade za cíl implementovat zvolenou řídicí metodu do řídicího systému a ověřit její základní funkční prvky. V přílohách práce se nacházejí nasnímané výsledky generování PWM a naměřené hodnoty z A/D převodníků.This final work initially focuses on various control methods that can be applied to three-phase rectifiers with PFC function. It focuses mainly on the Vienna rectifier, which forms one of the possible structures of these types of rectifiers. The next chapter then deals with methods of synchronization of 3-phase rectifiers with a network of low quality. The most used PLL method, which uses vector transformations for its operation, is highlighted and applied in the following simulations. The third chapter is devoted to the simulation verification of the selected method of vector PWM modulation control, which provides several advantageous properties, especially in terms of THD and switching losses arising on power switches. The fourth chapter mentions the control board, which was designed and subsequently assembled in cooperation. The final chapter aims to implement the selected control method in the control system and verify its basic functional elements. The appendices of the thesis contain the scanned results of PWM generation and measured values from A/D converters.430 - Katedra elektronikyvýborn

Power Quality

Electrical power is becoming one of the most dominant factors in our society. Power generation, transmission, distribution and usage are undergoing signifi cant changes that will aff ect the electrical quality and performance needs of our 21st century industry. One major aspect of electrical power is its quality and stability – or so called Power Quality. The view on Power Quality did change over the past few years. It seems that Power Quality is becoming a more important term in the academic world dealing with electrical power, and it is becoming more visible in all areas of commerce and industry, because of the ever increasing industry automation using sensitive electrical equipment on one hand and due to the dramatic change of our global electrical infrastructure on the other. For the past century, grid stability was maintained with a limited amount of major generators that have a large amount of rotational inertia. And the rate of change of phase angle is slow. Unfortunately, this does not work anymore with renewable energy sources adding their share to the grid like wind turbines or PV modules. Although the basic idea to use renewable energies is great and will be our path into the next century, it comes with a curse for the power grid as power fl ow stability will suff er. It is not only the source side that is about to change. We have also seen signifi cant changes on the load side as well. Industry is using machines and electrical products such as AC drives or PLCs that are sensitive to the slightest change of power quality, and we at home use more and more electrical products with switching power supplies or starting to plug in our electric cars to charge batt eries. In addition, many of us have begun installing our own distributed generation systems on our rooft ops using the latest solar panels. So we did look for a way to address this severe impact on our distribution network. To match supply and demand, we are about to create a new, intelligent and self-healing electric power infrastructure. The Smart Grid. The basic idea is to maintain the necessary balance between generators and loads on a grid. In other words, to make sure we have a good grid balance at all times. But the key question that you should ask yourself is: Does it also improve Power Quality? Probably not! Further on, the way how Power Quality is measured is going to be changed. Traditionally, each country had its own Power Quality standards and defi ned its own power quality instrument requirements. But more and more international harmonization efforts can be seen. Such as IEC 61000-4-30, which is an excellent standard that ensures that all compliant power quality instruments, regardless of manufacturer, will produce of measurement instruments so that they can also be used in volume applications and even directly embedded into sensitive loads. But work still has to be done. We still use Power Quality standards that have been writt en decades ago and don’t match today’s technology any more, such as fl icker standards that use parameters that have been defi ned by the behavior of 60-watt incandescent light bulbs, which are becoming extinct. Almost all experts are in agreement - although we will see an improvement in metering and control of the power fl ow, Power Quality will suff er. This book will give an overview of how power quality might impact our lives today and tomorrow, introduce new ways to monitor power quality and inform us about interesting possibilities to mitigate power quality problems. Regardless of any enhancements of the power grid, “Power Quality is just compatibility” like my good old friend and teacher Alex McEachern used to say. Power Quality will always remain an economic compromise between supply and load. The power available on the grid must be suffi ciently clean for the loads to operate correctly, and the loads must be suffi ciently strong to tolerate normal disturbances on the grid

Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems

The Special Issue "Industrial and Technological Applications of Power Electronics Systems" focuses on: - new strategies of control for electric machines, including sensorless control and fault diagnosis; - existing and emerging industrial applications of GaN and SiC-based converters; - modern methods for electromagnetic compatibility. The book covers topics such as control systems, fault diagnosis, converters, inverters, and electromagnetic interference in power electronics systems. The Special Issue includes 19 scientific papers by industry experts and worldwide professors in the area of electrical engineering

Three-phase ac-dc power supply design and experiments using a sic based power module

Master of ScienceDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBehrooz MirafzalThe rise of Wide Band Gap (WBG) devices has brought excitement in the field of Power converters. The WBG based converter can operate at the very high frequency and temperature making them ideal to use in harsh environments. The commercialization of WBG devices such as SiC and GaN MOSFETs has made it interesting for power engineering professionals all over the world. The use of WBG devices capable of operating at high switching frequencies reduces the overall system size dramatically with added benefit of improved power quality at high temperature. The main goal of this thesis is to design and test an AC-DC converter based on a SiC power module. The designed rectifier can be considered an active rectifier equipped with a controller to constantly provide feedback for modification of switching signals to get the desired output voltage. The designed active rectifier converts the varying frequency input power supply into rectified DC voltage while keeping the power factor of the system to unity. This thesis covers elementary information on power supply design, switching schemes and design of the controller. System arrangement will provide more light on the use of Six Channel MOSFET Gate Driver from CREE with the overall experimental setup. The experimental analysis will summarize the behavior of the system where information on achieved rectification, effect on the line currents at the generator and concluding power factor representation is described

Design and Control of Power Converters 2019

In this book, 20 papers focused on different fields of power electronics are gathered. Approximately half of the papers are focused on different control issues and techniques, ranging from the computer-aided design of digital compensators to more specific approaches such as fuzzy or sliding control techniques. The rest of the papers are focused on the design of novel topologies. The fields in which these controls and topologies are applied are varied: MMCs, photovoltaic systems, supercapacitors and traction systems, LEDs, wireless power transfer, etc

Power Converters in Power Electronics

In recent years, power converters have played an important role in power electronics technology for different applications, such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, pulsed power generation, and biomedical sciences. Power converters, in the realm of power electronics, are becoming essential for generating electrical power energy in various ways. This Special Issue focuses on the development of novel power converter topologies in power electronics. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Z-source converters; multilevel power converter topologies; switched-capacitor-based power converters; power converters for battery management systems; power converters in wireless power transfer techniques; the reliability of power conversion systems; and modulation techniques for advanced power converters