Nombre chromatique fractionnaire, degré maximum et maille

We prove new lower bounds on the independence ratio of graphs of maximum degree ∆ ∈ {3,4,5} and girth g ∈ {6,…,12}, notably 1/3 when (∆,g)=(4,10) and 2/7 when (∆,g)=(5,8). We establish a general upper bound on the fractional chromatic number of triangle-free graphs, which implies that deduced from the fractional version of Reed's bound for triangle-free graphs and improves it as soon as ∆ ≥ 17, matching the best asymptotic upper bound known for off-diagonal Ramsey numbers. In particular, the fractional chromatic number of a triangle-free graph of maximum degree ∆ is less than 9.916 if ∆=17, less than 22.17 if ∆=50 and less than 249.06 if ∆=1000. Focusing on smaller values of ∆, we also demonstrate that every graph of girth at least 7 and maximum degree ∆ has fractional chromatic number at most min (2∆ + 2^{k-3}+k)/k pour k ∈ ℕ. In particular, the fractional chromatic number of a graph of girth 7 and maximum degree ∆ is at most (2∆+9)/5 when ∆ ∈ [3,8], at most (∆+7)/3 when ∆ ∈  [8,20], at most (2∆+23)/7 when ∆ ∈ [20,48], and at most ∆/4+5 when ∆ ∈ [48,112]

Distinguishing homomorphisms of infinite graphs

We supply an upper bound on the distinguishing chromatic number of certain infinite graphs satisfying an adjacency property. Distinguishing proper $n$-colourings are generalized to the new notion of distinguishing homomorphisms. We prove that if a graph $G$ satisfies the connected existentially closed property and admits a homomorphism to $H$, then it admits continuum-many distinguishing homomorphisms from $G$ to $H$ join $K_2.$ Applications are given to a family universal $H$-colourable graphs, for $H$ a finite core

Dependent Random Graphs and Multiparty Pointer Jumping

We initiate a study of a relaxed version of the standard Erdos-Renyi random graph model, where each edge may depend on a few other edges. We call such graphs "dependent random graphs". Our main result in this direction is a thorough understanding of the clique number of dependent random graphs. We also obtain bounds for the chromatic number. Surprisingly, many of the standard properties of random graphs also hold in this relaxed setting. We show that with high probability, a dependent random graph will contain a clique of size $\frac{(1-o(1))\log n}{\log(1/p)}$, and the chromatic number will be at most $\frac{n \log(1/1-p)}{\log n}$. As an application and second main result, we give a new communication protocol for the k-player Multiparty Pointer Jumping (MPJ_k) problem in the number-on-the-forehead (NOF) model. Multiparty Pointer Jumping is one of the canonical NOF communication problems, yet even for three players, its communication complexity is not well understood. Our protocol for MPJ_3 costs $O(\frac{n\log\log n}{\log n})$ communication, improving on a bound of Brody and Chakrabarti [BC08]. We extend our protocol to the non-Boolean pointer jumping problem $\widehat{MPJ}_k$, achieving an upper bound which is o(n) for any $k >= 4$ players. This is the first o(n) bound for $\widehat{MPJ}_k$ and improves on a bound of Damm, Jukna, and Sgall [DJS98] which has stood for almost twenty years.Comment: 18 page

Dependent Random Graphs And Multi-Party Pointer Jumping

We initiate a study of a relaxed version of the standard Erdos-Renyi random graph model, where each edge may depend on a few other edges. We call such graphs dependent random graphs . Our main result in this direction is a thorough understanding of the clique number of dependent random graphs. We also obtain bounds for the chromatic number. Surprisingly, many of the standard properties of random graphs also hold in this relaxed setting. We show that with high probability, a dependent random graph will contain a clique of size ((1-o(1))log(n))/log(1/p), and the chromatic number will be at most (nlog(1/(1-p)))/log(n). We expect these results to be of independent interest. As an application and second main result, we give a new communication protocol for the k-player Multi-Party Pointer Jumping problem (MPJk) in the number-on-the-forehead (NOF) model. Multi-Party Pointer Jumping is one of the canonical NOF communication problems, yet even for three players, its communication complexity is not well understood. Our protocol for MPJ3 costs O((n * log(log(n)))/log(n)) communication, improving on a bound from [BrodyChakrabarti08]. We extend our protocol to the non-Boolean pointer jumping problem, achieving an upper bound which is o(n) for any k \u3e= 4 players. This is the first o(n) protocol and improves on a bound of Damm, Jukna, and Sgall, which has stood for almost twenty years

On coloring parameters of triangle-free planar (n,m)(n,m)-graphs

An $(n,m)$-graph is a graph with $n$ types of arcs and $m$ types of edges. A homomorphism of an $(n,m)$-graph $G$ to another $(n,m)$-graph $H$ is a vertex mapping that preserves the adjacencies along with their types and directions. The order of a smallest (with respect to the number of vertices) such $H$ is the $(n,m)$-chromatic number of $G$.Moreover, an $(n,m)$-relative clique $R$ of an $(n,m)$-graph $G$ is a vertex subset of $G$ for which no two distinct vertices of $R$ get identified under any homomorphism of $G$. The $(n,m)$-relative clique number of $G$, denoted by $\omega_{r(n,m)}(G)$, is the maximum $|R|$ such that $R$ is an $(n,m)$-relative clique of $G$. In practice, $(n,m)$-relative cliques are often used for establishing lower bounds of $(n,m)$-chromatic number of graph families. Generalizing an open problem posed by Sopena [Discrete Mathematics 2016] in his latest survey on oriented coloring, Chakroborty, Das, Nandi, Roy and Sen [Discrete Applied Mathematics 2022] conjectured that $\omega_{r(n,m)}(G) \leq 2 (2n+m)^2 + 2$ for any triangle-free planar $(n,m)$-graph $G$ and that this bound is tight for all $(n,m) \neq (0,1)$.In this article, we positively settle this conjecture by improving the previous upper bound of $\omega_{r(n,m)}(G) \leq 14 (2n+m)^2 + 2$ to $\omega_{r(n,m)}(G) \leq 2 (2n+m)^2 + 2$, and by finding examples of triangle-free planar graphs that achieve this bound. As a consequence of the tightness proof, we also establish a new lower bound of $2 (2n+m)^2 + 2$ for the $(n,m)$-chromatic number for the family of triangle-free planar graphs.Comment: 22 Pages, 5 figure