10,110 research outputs found
On the use of sensitivity tests in seismic tomography
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was partly supported by ARC Discovery Project DP120103673 and by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, project number 223272. We thank Maximilliano Bezada and an anonymous referee for constructive comments which improved the original version of the manuscript. We also thank the Editor, A. Morelli, for providing additional helpful comments.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Anomaly Detection for imbalanced datasets with Deep Generative Models
Many important data analysis applications present with severely imbalanced
datasets with respect to the target variable. A typical example is medical
image analysis, where positive samples are scarce, while performance is
commonly estimated against the correct detection of these positive examples. We
approach this challenge by formulating the problem as anomaly detection with
generative models. We train a generative model without supervision on the
`negative' (common) datapoints and use this model to estimate the likelihood of
unseen data. A successful model allows us to detect the `positive' case as low
likelihood datapoints.
In this position paper, we present the use of state-of-the-art deep
generative models (GAN and VAE) for the estimation of a likelihood of the data.
Our results show that on the one hand both GANs and VAEs are able to separate
the `positive' and `negative' samples in the MNIST case. On the other hand, for
the NLST case, neither GANs nor VAEs were able to capture the complexity of the
data and discriminate anomalies at the level that this task requires. These
results show that even though there are a number of successes presented in the
literature for using generative models in similar applications, there remain
further challenges for broad successful implementation.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted by Benelearn 2018 conferenc
Mining Network Events using Traceroute Empathy
In the never-ending quest for tools that enable an ISP to smooth
troubleshooting and improve awareness of network behavior, very much effort has
been devoted in the collection of data by active and passive measurement at the
data plane and at the control plane level. Exploitation of collected data has
been mostly focused on anomaly detection and on root-cause analysis. Our
objective is somewhat in the middle. We consider traceroutes collected by a
network of probes and aim at introducing a practically applicable methodology
to quickly spot measurements that are related to high-impact events happened in
the network. Such filtering process eases further in- depth human-based
analysis, for example with visual tools which are effective only when handling
a limited amount of data. We introduce the empathy relation between traceroutes
as the cornerstone of our formal characterization of the traceroutes related to
a network event. Based on this model, we describe an algorithm that finds
traceroutes related to high-impact events in an arbitrary set of measurements.
Evidence of the effectiveness of our approach is given by experimental results
produced on real-world data.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, extended version of Discovering High-Impact
Routing Events using Traceroutes, in Proc. 20th International Symposium on
Computers and Communications (ISCC 2015
Time-lapse geophysical investigations over a simulated urban clandestine grave
A simulated clandestine shallow grave was created within a heterogeneous, made-ground, urban environment where a clothed, plastic resin, human skeleton, animal products, and physiological saline were placed in anatomically correct positions and re-covered to ground level. A series of repeat (time-lapse), near-surface geophysical surveys were undertaken: (1) prior to burial (to act as control), (2) 1 month, and (3) 3 months post-burial. A range of different geophysical techniques was employed including: bulk ground resistivity and conductivity, fluxgate gradiometry and high-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR), soil magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and self potential (SP). Bulk ground resistivity and SP proved optimal for initial grave location whilst ERT profiles and GPR horizontal "time-slices" showed the best spatial resolutions. Research suggests that in complex urban made-ground environments, initial resistivity surveys be collected before GPR and ERT follow-up surveys are collected over the identified geophysical anomalies
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