Review of infrared carbon-dioxide sensors and capnogram features for developing asthma-monitoring device

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common heterogeneous respiratory chronic diseases and fourteenth most imperative illness in the world in terms of duration and extent of disability. The existing method for early identification of asthma is based on health care provider’s physical assessment and spirometer or peak flow meter which is manual and unreliable if patients are non-cooperative. Therefore, capnography, which measured the respired carbon dioxide concentration, has been proposed as a patient independent method for the assessment of asthma. Aim: This study aims to critically review, investigate, and compare the specifications of different infrared CO2 sensors and capnogram features to develop an asthma-monitoring device. Materials and Methods: A rigorous and extensive search was carried out on Google scholar, the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus and several index terms (CO2 sensor, infrared sensor, CO2 measurement, asthma detection, capnograph, and capnogram) were employed to identify appropriate CO2 sensors, technology, and capnogram features to develop asthma monitoring device. Results: The review revealed that the COMET CO2 sensor is the most suitable and reliable for developing a capnograph device owing to its weight (7 g), output range (0-99 mmHg), warm-up time (2-15 s), and response time (0.028 s). Furthermore, slope and time-frequency components measured from alveolar phase and complete breath cycle respectively are found the most significant features to screen asthma severity level. Further, the effects of pressure and temperature on CO2 values were tested using Proteus software. Finding reveals that the CO2 values changed drastically from 17,835.19 parts per million (ppm) to 86,321.29 ppm as the pressure changed from 16.53 kPa to 81.53 kPa at a constant temperature (25°C). With a change in temperature from 25 to 27°C, the CO2 values were found to change from 16,812.19 ppm to 17,249.13 ppm at a constant pressure (16.53 kPa). Based on the review, a CO2 measurement device using COMET equivalent CO2 sensor was developed. Conclusion: The developed device is capable of the assessment of cardiorespiratory condition instead of asthma severity level due to lack of significant capnogram features, which still remains to be integrated into the device

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 122, December 1973

This special bibliography lists 343 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in November 1973

Sensors and Transducers

book chapterBiomedical Informatic

The design and evaluation of discrete wearable medical devices for vital signs monitoring

The observation, recording and appraisal of an individual’s vital signs, namely temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), are key components in the assessment of their health and wellbeing. Measurements provide valuable diagnostic data, facilitating clinical diagnosis, management and monitoring. Respiratory rate sensing is perhaps the most under-utilised of all the vital signs, being routinely assessed by observation or estimated algorithmically from respiratory-induced beat-to-beat variation in heart rate. Moreover there is an unmet need for wearable devices that can measure all or most of the vital signs. This project therefore aims to a) develop a device that can measure respiratory rate and b) develop a wearable device that can measure all or most of the vital signs. An accelerometer-based clavicular respiratory motion sensor was developed and compared with a similar thoracic motion sensor and reference using exhalatory flow. Pilot study results established that the clavicle sensor accurately tracked the reference in monitoring respiratory rate and outperformed the thoracic device. An Ear-worn Patient Monitoring System (EPMS) was also developed, providing a discrete telemonitoring device capable of rapidly measuring tympanic temperature, heart rate, SpO2 and activity level. The results of a comparative pilot study against reference instruments revealed that heart rate matched the reference for accuracy, while temperature under read (< 1°C) and SpO2 was inconsistent with poor correlation. In conclusion, both of the prototype devices require further development. The respiratory sensor would benefit from product engineering and larger scale testing to fully exploit the technology, but could find use in both hospital and community-based The design and evaluation of discrete wearable medical devices for vital signs monitoring DG Pitts ii Cranfield University monitoring. The EPMS has potential for clinical and community use, having demonstrated its capability of rapidly capturing and wirelessly transmitting vital signs readings. Further development is nevertheless required to improve the thermometer probe and resolve outstanding issues with SpO2 readings

Aerospace medicine and biology: A cumulative index to the continuing bibliography of the 1973 issues

A cumulative index to the abstracts contained in Supplements 112 through 123 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology A Continuing Bibliography is presented. It includes three indexes: subject, personal author, and corporate source

Processing of Signals from Fiber-Optic Bragg Grating Sensors for Respiratory Activity Monitoring

Tato práce se zabývá zpracováváním signálů získaných z vyvíjeného senzoru složeného z optického vlákna s implementovanou braggovskou mřížkou. Ke zpracování byly použity 3 metody pokročilého zpracování dat. Jedná se o empirickou modální dekompozici, Savitzky-Golay filtr a metodu založenou na vlnkové transformaci. Použití metod ke zpracování signálů hraje zásadní roli v následné analýze signálů, při které jsou extrahovány časové pozice zaznamenaných nádechů. Výsledné hodnoty jsou následně porovnávány s referenčními hodnotami, jenž byly získány extrakcí časových hodnot nádechů z referenčního signálu naměřeného hrudním pásem využívajícího piezoelektrický senzor. Cílem práce je posoudit, jestli vyvíjený optovláknový senzor dosahuje v porovnání s referenčním měřidlem dostatečných výsledků a porovnat mezi sebou použité metody pokročilého zpracování signálů. Výsledné algoritmy pro zpracování a analýzu signálů a následné hodnocení výsledků jsou implementovány do uživatelské aplikace, která zajištuje uživatelsky přehledné a intuitivní prostředí, ve kterém je uživatel schopen jednoduše měnit důležité parametry, na kterých závisí funkce jednotlivých metod. Nejefektivnější metodou pro zpracovávání signálů byl v tomto případě Savitzky Golay filtr, který dosahoval nejlepších průměrných výsledků přesnosti.This thesis deals with the processing of signals obtained from the developed sensor composed of optical fiber with implemented Bragg grating. 3 methods of advanced data processing were used for processing. These are the empirical modal decomposition, the Savitzky-Golay filter and the wavelet transform method. The use of signal processing methods plays a crucial role in the subsequent signal analysis, in which the time positions of the recorded breaths are extracted. The resulting values are then compared with reference values obtained by extracting breath time values from a reference signal measured by the chest band using a piezoelectric sensor. The aim of this work is to assess whether the developed fiber optic sensor achieves sufficient results in comparison with the reference meter and to compare the methods of advanced signal processing. The resulting algorithms for signal processing, analysis and subsequent evaluation of results are implemented in a user application that provides a user-friendly and intuitive environment in which the user is able to easily change important parameters on which the functions of individual methods depend. The most efficient method for signal processing in this case was the Savitzky Golay filter, which achieved the best average accuracy results.450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvívýborn

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A cumulative index to the 1974 issues of a continuing bibliography

This publication is a cumulative index to the abstracts contained in supplements 125 through 136 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A Continuing Bibliography. It includes three indexes--subject, personal author, and corporate source

A dissertation and review of current knowledge on aspects relating to the use of Remifentanil to cover the tunnelling phase of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion in paediatrics

In this study, the administration of remifentanil to cover the tunnelling phase of shunt insertion in children caused good attenuation of haemodynamic and endocrine markers of stress, no delay in recovery and no additional post operative respiratory depression in all age groups, including xpremies and neonates

Preclinical MRI of the Kidney

This Open Access volume provides readers with an open access protocol collection and wide-ranging recommendations for preclinical renal MRI used in translational research. The chapters in this book are interdisciplinary in nature and bridge the gaps between physics, physiology, and medicine. They are designed to enhance training in renal MRI sciences and improve the reproducibility of renal imaging research. Chapters provide guidance for exploring, using and developing small animal renal MRI in your laboratory as a unique tool for advanced in vivo phenotyping, diagnostic imaging, and research into potential new therapies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Preclinical MRI of the Kidney: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource and will be of importance to anyone interested in the preclinical aspect of renal and cardiorenal diseases in the fields of physiology, nephrology, radiology, and cardiology. This publication is based upon work from COST Action PARENCHIMA, supported by European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). COST (www.cost.eu) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. COST Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation. PARENCHIMA (renalmri.org) is a community-driven Action in the COST program of the European Union, which unites more than 200 experts in renal MRI from 30 countries with the aim to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers

Прикладна фізика : українсько-російсько-англійський тлумачний словник. У 4 т. Т. 2. З – Н

Словник охоплює близько 30 тис. термінів з прикладної фізики і дотичних до неї галузей знань та їх тлумачення трьома мовами (українською, російською та англійською). Багато термінів і визначень, наведених у словнику, якими послуговуються у відповідній галузі знань, досі не входили до жодного зі спеціалізованих словників. Словник призначений для викладачів, науковців, інженерів, аспірантів, студентів вищих навчальних закладів, перекладачів з природничих і технічних дисциплін