45,005 research outputs found
GeoSay: A Geometric Saliency for Extracting Buildings in Remote Sensing Images
Automatic extraction of buildings in remote sensing images is an important
but challenging task and finds many applications in different fields such as
urban planning, navigation and so on. This paper addresses the problem of
buildings extraction in very high-spatial-resolution (VHSR) remote sensing (RS)
images, whose spatial resolution is often up to half meters and provides rich
information about buildings. Based on the observation that buildings in VHSR-RS
images are always more distinguishable in geometry than in texture or spectral
domain, this paper proposes a geometric building index (GBI) for accurate
building extraction, by computing the geometric saliency from VHSR-RS images.
More precisely, given an image, the geometric saliency is derived from a
mid-level geometric representations based on meaningful junctions that can
locally describe geometrical structures of images. The resulting GBI is finally
measured by integrating the derived geometric saliency of buildings.
Experiments on three public and commonly used datasets demonstrate that the
proposed GBI achieves the state-of-the-art performance and shows impressive
generalization capability. Additionally, GBI preserves both the exact position
and accurate shape of single buildings compared to existing methods
New variables, the gravitational action, and boosted quasilocal stress-energy-momentum
This paper presents a complete set of quasilocal densities which describe the
stress-energy-momentum content of the gravitational field and which are built
with Ashtekar variables. The densities are defined on a two-surface which
bounds a generic spacelike hypersurface of spacetime. The method used
to derive the set of quasilocal densities is a Hamilton-Jacobi analysis of a
suitable covariant action principle for the Ashtekar variables. As such, the
theory presented here is an Ashtekar-variable reformulation of the metric
theory of quasilocal stress-energy-momentum originally due to Brown and York.
This work also investigates how the quasilocal densities behave under
generalized boosts, i. e. switches of the slice spanning . It is
shown that under such boosts the densities behave in a manner which is similar
to the simple boost law for energy-momentum four-vectors in special relativity.
The developed formalism is used to obtain a collection of two-surface or boost
invariants. With these invariants, one may ``build" several different mass
definitions in general relativity, such as the Hawking expression. Also
discussed in detail in this paper is the canonical action principle as applied
to bounded spacetime regions with ``sharp corners."Comment: Revtex, 41 Pages, 4 figures added. Final version has been revised and
improved quite a bit. To appear in Classical and Quantum Gravit
CityScapeLab Berlin: A Research Platform for Untangling Urbanization Effects on Biodiversity
Urban biodiversity conservation requires an understanding of how urbanization modulates biodiversity patterns and the associated ecosystem services. While important advances have been made in the conceptual development of urban biodiversity research over the last decades, challenges remain in understanding the interactions between different groups of taxa and the spatiotemporal complexity of urbanization processes. The CityScapeLab Berlin is a novel experimental research platform that allows the testing of theories on how urbanization affects biodiversity patterns and biotic interactions in general and the responses of species of conservation interest in particular. We chose dry grassland patches as the backbone of the research platform because dry grasslands are common in many urban regions, extend over a wide urbanization gradient, and usually harbor diverse and self-assembled communities. Focusing on a standardized type of model ecosystem allowed the urbanization effects on biodiversity to be unraveled from effects that would otherwise be masked by habitat- and land-use effects. The CityScapeLab combines different types of spatiotemporal data on (i) various groups of taxa from different trophic levels, (ii) environmental parameters on different spatial scales, and (iii) on land-use history. This allows for the unraveling of the effects of current and historical urban conditions on urban biodiversity patterns and the related ecological functions.BMBF, 01LC1501, BIBS-Verbund: Bridging in Biodiversity Science (BIBS
Electron localization and optical absorption of polygonal quantum rings
We investigate theoretically polygonal quantum rings and focus mostly on the
triangular geometry where the corner effects are maximal. Such rings can be
seen as short core-shell nanowires, a generation of semiconductor
heterostructures with multiple applications. We show how the geometry of the
sample determines the electronic energy spectrum, and also the localization of
electrons, with effects on the optical absorption. In particular, we show that
irrespective of the ring shape low-energy electrons are always attracted by
corners and are localized in their vicinity. The absorption spectrum in the
presence of a magnetic field shows only two peaks within the corner-localized
state domain, each associated with different circular polarization. This
picture may be changed by an external electric field which allows previously
forbidden transitions, and thus enables the number of corners to be determined.
We show that polygonal quantum rings allow absorption of waves from distant
ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum within one sample.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure
Modeling and manufacturability assessment of bistable quantum-dot cells
We have investigated the behavior of bistable cells made up of four quantum
dots and occupied by two electrons, in the presence of realistic confinement
potentials produced by depletion gates on top of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure.
Such a cell represents the basic building block for logic architectures based
on the concept of Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) and of ground state
computation, which have been proposed as an alternative to traditional
transistor-based logic circuits. We have focused on the robustness of the
operation of such cells with respect to asymmetries deriving from fabrication
tolerances. We have developed a 2-D model for the calculation of the electron
density in a driven cell in response to the polarization state of a driver
cell. Our method is based on the one-shot Configuration-Interaction technique,
adapted from molecular chemistry. From the results of our simulations, we
conclude that an implementation of QCA logic based on simple ``hole-arrays'' is
not feasible, because of the extreme sensitivity to fabrication tolerances. As
an alternative, we propose cells defined by multiple gates, where geometrical
asymmetries can be compensated for by adjusting the bias voltages. Even though
not immediately applicable to the implementation of logic gates and not
suitable for large scale integration, the proposed cell layout should allow an
experimental demonstration of a chain of QCA cells.Comment: 26 pages, Revtex, 13 figures, title and some figures changed and
minor revision
Topological Insulator in an Atomic Liquid
We demonstrate theoretically an atomic liquid phase that supports
topologically nontrivial electronic structure. A minimum two-orbital model of
liquid topological insulator in two dimensions is constructed within the
framework of tight-binding molecular dynamics. As temperature approaches zero,
our simulations show that the atoms crystallize into a triangular lattice with
nontrivial band topology at high densities. Thermal fluctuations at finite
temperatures melt the lattice, giving rise to a liquid state which inherits the
nontrivial topology from the crystalline phase. The electronic structure of the
resultant atomic liquid is characterized by a nonzero Bott index. Our work
broadens the notion of topological materials, and points to a new systematic
approach for searching topological phases in amorphous and liquid systems.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
FRICAT: A FIRST catalog of FRI radio galaxies
We built a catalog of 219 FRI radio galaxies (FRIs), called FRICAT, selected
from a published sample and obtained by combining observations from the NVSS,
FIRST, and SDSS surveys. We included in the catalog the sources with an
edge-darkened radio morphology, redshift , and extending (at the
sensitivity of the FIRST images) to a radius larger than 30 kpc from the
center of the host. We also selected an additional sample (sFRICAT) of 14
smaller (10 30 kpc) FRIs, limiting to . The hosts of the FRICAT
sources are all luminous (), red early-type
galaxies with black hole masses in the range ; the spectroscopic classification based on the optical
emission line ratios indicates that they are all low excitation galaxies.
Sources in the FRICAT are then indistinguishable from the FRIs belonging to the
Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (3C) on the basis of their optical
properties. Conversely, while the 3C-FRIs show a strong positive trend between
radio and [OIII] emission line luminosity, these two quantities are unrelated
in the FRICAT sources; at a given line luminosity, they show radio luminosities
spanning about two orders of magnitude and extending to much lower ratios
between radio and line power than 3C-FRIs. Our main conclusion is that the
3C-FRIs just represent the tip of the iceberg of a much larger and diverse
population of FRIs.Comment: 34 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, 1 appendix,accepted for publication in
A&A, pre-proof versio
Anomalies in the Entanglement Properties of the Square Lattice Heisenberg Model
We compute the bipartite entanglement properties of the spin-half
square-lattice Heisenberg model by a variety of numerical techniques that
include valence bond quantum Monte Carlo (QMC), stochastic series expansion
QMC, high temperature series expansions and zero temperature coupling constant
expansions around the Ising limit. We find that the area law is always
satisfied, but in addition to the entanglement entropy per unit boundary
length, there are other terms that depend logarithmically on the subregion
size, arising from broken symmetry in the bulk and from the existence of
corners at the boundary. We find that the numerical results are anomalous in
several ways. First, the bulk term arising from broken symmetry deviates from
an exact calculation that can be done for a mean-field Neel state. Second, the
corner logs do not agree with the known results for non-interacting Boson
modes. And, third, even the finite temperature mutual information shows an
anomalous behavior as T goes to zero, suggesting that T->0 and L->infinity
limits do not commute. These calculations show that entanglement entropy
demonstrates a very rich behavior in d>1, which deserves further attention.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Numerical values in Table I correcte
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