Decay amplitudes in two-dimensional QCD

Decay amplitudes for mesons in two-dimensional QCD are discussed. We show that in spite of an infinite number of conserved charges, particle production is not entirely suppressed. This phenomenon is explained in terms of quantum corrections to the combined algebra of higher-conserved and spectrum-generating currents. We predict the qualitative form of particle production probabilities and verify that they are in agreement with numerical data. We also discuss four-dimensional self-dual Yang-Mills theory in the light of our results.Comment: We discuss in more detail the background material and elaborate on the consequences of the new results. New equations and text are added and the figures are efficiently regenerated by a fortran program, latex file, 13 pages, 4 figures in encapsulated postscript files, uses epsf. minor changes, version to appear in Physical Review

The Dilatation Operator of Conformal N=4 Super Yang-Mills Theory

We argue that existing methods for the perturbative computation of anomalous dimensions and the disentanglement of mixing in N = 4 gauge theory can be considerably simplified, systematized and extended by focusing on the theory's dilatation operator. The efficiency of the method is first illustrated at the one-loop level for general non-derivative scalar states. We then go on to derive, for pure scalar states, the two-loop structure of the dilatation operator. This allows us to obtain a host of new results. Among these are an infinite number of previously unknown two-loop anomalous dimensions, new subtleties concerning 't Hooft's large N expansion due to mixing effects of degenerate single and multiple trace states, two-loop tests of various protected operators, as well as two-loop non-planar results for two-impurity operators in BMN gauge theory. We also put to use the recently discovered integrable spin chain description of the planar one-loop dilatation operator and show that the associated Yang-Baxter equation explains the existence of a hitherto unknown planar ``axial'' symmetry between infinitely many gauge theory states. We present evidence that this integrability can be extended to all loops, with intriguing consequences for gauge theory, and that it leads to a novel integrable deformation of the XXX Heisenberg spin chain. Assuming that the integrability structure extends to more than two loops, we determine the planar three-loop contribution to the dilatation operator.Comment: 54 pages, 5 figures, v2: references added, small textual changes, v3: to appear in Nucl. Phys. B, v4: zeros in (D.21), signs in (F.4) correcte

Implikasi Putusan Makhamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/puu-xi/2013 Terhadap Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum

This research discusses on the implication of MK Decision number 85/PUU XI/2013 on the drinking water supply sistem. The questions presented are first, what are the consequences of the decision towards the Subordinate Legislation of Law number 7 year 2004 on Water Resources? Second, how is the development of drinking water supply system pre and post the decision? This research is a juridical normativeempirical research. The result shows that the decision tends to cause drawbacks, particularly on the State responsibility on the provision of healthy and clean water for housing supplies. The consequence of this decision is the nullification of Law number 7 year 2004 on Water Resources, thus the reapplication of Law number 11 year 1974 on Irrigation. With this nullification, it is recommended to legislate a new law on water resources that is more comprehensive and accommodative to the people\u27s need IntisariPenelitian ini membahas mengenai implikasi Putusan MK Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013 terhadap sistem penyediaan air minum. Rumusan masalah yang diambil adalah Pertama, apa konsekuensi Putusan Mahkamah Kontitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013 terhadap Peraturan Pelaksana Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air? Kedua, bagaimana pengembangan sistem penyediaan air minum pra dan pasca Putusan Mahkamah Kontitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif-empiris. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Putusan MK Nomor 85/PUU-XI/2013 cenderung menyebabkan kemunduran khususnya tanggung jawab Negara dalam penyediaan air minum rumah tangga yang bersih dan sehat. Konsekuensi dari Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUUXI/2013 adalah batalnya Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air, sehingga Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1974 tentang Pengairan berlaku kembali. Dengan adanya konsekuensi tersebut sebaiknya segera dibentuk undang-undang tentang sumber daya air baru beserta peraturan pelaksananya yang lebih komprehensif serta mampu mengakomodir kepentingan rakyat

On perturbative scattering amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric theories

PhDThere has been substantial calculational progress in the last few years in maximally supersymmetric theories, revealing unexpected simplicity, new structures and symmetries. In this thesis, after reviewing some of the recent advances in N = 4 super Yang-Mills and N = 8 supergravity, we present calculations of perturbative scattering amplitudes and polygonal lightlike Wilson loops that lead to interesting new results. In N = 8 supergravity, we use supersymmetric generalised unitarity to calculate supercoe cients of box functions in the expansion of scattering amplitudes at one loop. Recent advances have presented tree-level amplitudes in N = 8 supergravity in terms of sums of terms containing squares of colour-ordered Yang-Mills superamplitudes. We develop the consequences of these results for the structure of one-loop supercoe cients, recasting them as sums of squares of N = 4 Yang-Mills expressions with certain coe cients inherited from the tree-level superamplitudes. This provides new expressions for all one-loop box coe cients in N = 8 supergravity, which we check against known results in a number of cases. In N = 4 super Yang-Mills, we focus our attention on one of the many remarkable features of MHV scattering amplitudes, their conjectured duality to lightlike polygon Wilson loops, which is expected to hold to all orders in perturbation theory. This duality is usually expressed in terms of purely four-dimensional quantities obtained by appropriate subtraction of the infrared and ultraviolet divergences from amplitudes and Wilson loops respectively. By explicit calculation, we demonstrate the completely unanticipated fact that the equality continues to hold at two loops through O( ) in dimensional regularisation for both the four-particle amplitude and the (parity-even part of the) ve-particle amplitude

Context-dependent Utilities

Savage's framework of subjective preference among acts provides a paradigmatic derivation of rational subjective probabilities within a more general theory of rational decisions. The system is based on a set of possible states of the world, and on acts, which are functions that assign to each state a consequence. The representation theorem states that the given preference between acts is determined by their expected utilities, based on uniquely determined probabilities (assigned to sets of states), and numeric utilities assigned to consequences. Savage's derivation, however, is based on a highly problematic well-known assumption not included among his postulates: for any consequence of an act in some state, there is a "constant act" which has that consequence in all states. This ability to transfer consequences from state to state is, in many cases, miraculous -- including simple scenarios suggested by Savage as natural cases for applying his theory. We propose a simplification of the system, which yields the representation theorem without the constant act assumption. We need only postulates P1-P6. This is done at the cost of reducing the set of acts included in the setup. The reduction excludes certain theoretical infinitary scenarios, but includes the scenarios that should be handled by a system that models human decisions

PELATIHAN MENANGANI CULTURE SHOCK PADA SISWA YANG AKAN MEMASUKI DUNIA PENDIDIKAN BARU DAN DUNIA KERJA DI SMA IKHSANIYAH KOTA TEGAL

Abstrak : Orang yang mengalami culture shock  berada dalam kondisi tidak nyaman baik secara fisik maupun emosional. Ini biasanya terjadi pada orang-orang yang secara tiba-tiba berpindah atau dipindahkan ke lingkungan yang baru, kegiatan ini dimaksudkan supaya bisa memberikan solusi ataupun pemecahan masalah yang terjadi pada siSwa kelas XII di SMA Ikhsaniyah kota tegal. Jumlah siswa yang ikut program pengabdian masyarakat sejumlah 40 siswa. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah Mengetahui Faktor penyebab terjadinya culture shock  pada saat memasuki dunia pendidikan baru/Perguruan Tinggi dan Dunia Kerja, Mengetahui Apa efek atau akibat dari terjadinya culture shock  dan Mengetahui  solusi dari permasalahan culture shock , Metode yang di gunakan adalah Wawancara dan tanya jawab antara pemateri dengan Siswa, Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat dari kegiatan tersebut adalah Program Pelatihan cukup efektif dalam mensosialisasikan cara menaggulangi Culture shock  pada Siswa dan Siswa sangat antusias serta senang dalam mengikuti Pelatihan karena mereka bisa mengetahui factor-apa saja yang menjadikan Orang menjadi culture shock  dan cara menaggulangi Culture shock  saat memasuki dunia pendidikan baru/Perguruan Tinggi dan Dunia Kerja selepas Lulus dari SMA.Abstract:  People who experience culture shock are in an uncomfortable condition both physically and emotionally. This usually happens to people who suddenly move or are moved to a new environment, this activity is intended to be able to provide solutions or solutions to problems that occur in class XII students at the Ikhsaniyah High School in Tegal. The number of students participating in the community service program is 40 students. The purpose of community service is to know the factors that cause culture shock  when entering a new world of education / Higher Education and the World of Work, Knowing what the effects or consequences of the occurrence of culture shock  and Knowing the solution to the problem of culture shock , The method used is Interview and question and answer between presenters and students, the results of community service from the activity is that the Training Program is quite effective in socializing how to overcome Culture shock  to Students and Students are very enthusiastic and happy in participating in Training because they can find out what factors make People into culture shock  and ways overcome Culture shock  when entering the new world of education / Higher Education and the World of Work after Graduating from High School.

Yang-Mills Magneto-Fluid Unification

We generalize the hybrid magneto-fluid model of a charged fluid interacting with an electromagnetic field to the dynamics of a relativistic hot fluid interacting with a non-Abelian field. The fluid itself is endowed with a non-Abelian charge and the consequences of this generalization are worked out. Applications of this formalism to the Quark Gluon Plasma are suggested.Comment: 6 pages, RevTex

Contemporary performance measurement systems: A review of their consequences and a framework for research

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for understanding the literature on the consequences of contemporary performance measurement (CPM) systems and the theories that explain these consequences. The framework is based on an in-depth review of 76 empirical studies published in high-quality academic journals in the areas of accounting, operations, and strategy. The framework classifies the consequences of CPM into three categories: people's behaviour, organizational capabilities, and performance consequences. This paper discusses our current knowledge on the impact of CPM, highlighting inconsistencies and gaps as well as providing direction for future research