665 research outputs found

    AI and OR in management of operations: history and trends

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    The last decade has seen a considerable growth in the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for operations management with the aim of finding solutions to problems that are increasing in complexity and scale. This paper begins by setting the context for the survey through a historical perspective of OR and AI. An extensive survey of applications of AI techniques for operations management, covering a total of over 1200 papers published from 1995 to 2004 is then presented. The survey utilizes Elsevier's ScienceDirect database as a source. Hence, the survey may not cover all the relevant journals but includes a sufficiently wide range of publications to make it representative of the research in the field. The papers are categorized into four areas of operations management: (a) design, (b) scheduling, (c) process planning and control and (d) quality, maintenance and fault diagnosis. Each of the four areas is categorized in terms of the AI techniques used: genetic algorithms, case-based reasoning, knowledge-based systems, fuzzy logic and hybrid techniques. The trends over the last decade are identified, discussed with respect to expected trends and directions for future work suggested

    Koneoppimiskehys petrokemianteollisuuden sovelluksille

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    Machine learning has many potentially useful applications in process industry, for example in process monitoring and control. Continuously accumulating process data and the recent development in software and hardware that enable more advanced machine learning, are fulfilling the prerequisites of developing and deploying process automation integrated machine learning applications which improve existing functionalities or even implement artificial intelligence. In this master's thesis, a framework is designed and implemented on a proof-of-concept level, to enable easy acquisition of process data to be used with modern machine learning libraries, and to also enable scalable online deployment of the trained models. The literature part of the thesis concentrates on studying the current state and approaches for digital advisory systems for process operators, as a potential application to be developed on the machine learning framework. The literature study shows that the approaches for process operators' decision support tools have shifted from rule-based and knowledge-based methods to machine learning. However, no standard methods can be concluded, and most of the use cases are quite application-specific. In the developed machine learning framework, both commercial software and open source components with permissive licenses are used. Data is acquired over OPC UA and then processed in Python, which is currently almost the de facto standard language in data analytics. Microservice architecture with containerization is used in the online deployment, and in a qualitative evaluation, it proved to be a versatile and functional solution.Koneoppimisella voidaan osoittaa olevan useita hyödyllisiÀ kÀyttökohteita prosessiteollisuudessa, esimerkiksi prosessinohjaukseen liittyvissÀ sovelluksissa. Jatkuvasti kerÀÀntyvÀ prosessidata ja toisaalta koneoppimiseen soveltuvien ohjelmistojen sekÀ myös laitteistojen viimeaikainen kehitys johtavat tilanteeseen, jossa prosessiautomaatioon liitettyjen koneoppimissovellusten avulla on mahdollista parantaa nykyisiÀ toiminnallisuuksia tai jopa toteuttaa tekoÀlysovelluksia. TÀssÀ diplomityössÀ suunniteltiin ja toteutettiin prototyypin tasolla koneoppimiskehys, jonka avulla on helppo kÀyttÀÀ prosessidataa yhdessÀ nykyaikaisten koneoppimiskirjastojen kanssa. Kehys mahdollistaa myös koneopittujen mallien skaalautuvan kÀyttöönoton. Diplomityön kirjallisuusosa keskittyy prosessioperaattoreille tarkoitettujen digitaalisten avustajajÀrjestelmien nykytilaan ja toteutustapoihin, avustajajÀrjestelmÀn tai sen pÀÀtöstukijÀrjestelmÀn ollessa yksi mahdollinen koneoppimiskehyksen pÀÀlle rakennettava ohjelma. Kirjallisuustutkimuksen mukaan prosessioperaattorin pÀÀtöstukijÀrjestelmien taustalla olevat menetelmÀt ovat yhÀ useammin koneoppimiseen perustuvia, aiempien sÀÀntö- ja tietÀmyskantoihin perustuvien menetelmien sijasta. SelkeitÀ yhdenmukaisia lÀhestymistapoja ei kuitenkaan ole helposti pÀÀteltÀvissÀ kirjallisuuden perusteella. LisÀksi useimmat tapausesimerkit ovat sovellettavissa vain kyseisissÀ erikoistapauksissa. KehitetyssÀ koneoppimiskehyksessÀ on kÀytetty sekÀ kaupallisia ettÀ avoimen lÀhdekoodin komponentteja. Prosessidata haetaan OPC UA -protokollan avulla, ja sitÀ on mahdollista kÀsitellÀ Python-kielellÀ, josta on muodostunut lÀhes de facto -standardi data-analytiikassa. Kehyksen kÀyttöönottokomponentit perustuvat mikropalveluarkkitehtuuriin ja konttiteknologiaan, jotka osoittautuivat laadullisessa testauksessa monipuoliseksi ja toimivaksi toteutustavaksi

    Control Implementation in Bioprocess System: A Review.

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    Bioprocess control consists of establishing a strategy for the management of the biocatalyst environment. Bioprocesses include several different units in which a near optimal environment is desired for microorganisms to grow, multiply, and produce a desired product

    Activity Report: Automatic Control 1998

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    Model-Free Learning Control of Chemical Processes

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    Hierarchical control of complex manufacturing processes

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    The need for changing the control objective during the process has been reported in many systems in manufacturing, robotics, etc. However, not many works have been devoted to systematically investigating the proper strategies for these types of problems. In this dissertation, two approaches to such problems have been suggested for fast varying systems. The first approach, addresses problems where some of the objectives are statically related to the states of the systems. Hierarchical Optimal Control was proposed to simplify the nonlinearity caused by adding the statically related objectives into control problem. The proposed method was implemented for contour-position control of motion systems as well as force-position control of end milling processes. It was shown for a motion control system, when contour tracking is important, the controller can reduce the contour error even when the axial control signals are saturating. Also, for end milling processes it was shown that during machining sharp edges where, excessive cutting forces can cause tool breakage, by using the proposed controller, force can be bounded without sacrificing the position tracking performance. The second approach that was proposed (Hierarchical Model Predictive Control), addressed the problems where all the objectives are dynamically related. In this method neural network approximation methods were used to convert a nonlinear optimization problem into an explicit form which is feasible for real time implementation. This method was implemented for force-velocity control of ram based freeform extrusion fabrication of ceramics. Excellent extrusion results were achieved with the proposed method showing excellent performance for different changes in control objective during the process --Abstract, page iv

    State estimation and trajectory tracking control for a nonlinear and multivariable bioethanol production system

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    In this paper a controller is proposed based on linear algebra for a fed-batch bioethanol production process. It involves fnding feed rate profles (control actions obtained as a solution of a linear equations system) in order to make the system follow predefned concentration profles. A neural network states estimation is designed in order to know those variables that cannot be measured. The controller is tuned using a Monte Carlo experiment for which a cost function that penalizes tracking errors is defned. Moreover, several tests (adding parametric uncertainty and perturbations in the control action) are carried out so as to evaluate the controller performance. A comparison with another controller is made. The demonstration of the error convergence, as well as the stability analysis of the neural network, are included.Fil: FernĂĄndez, Maria Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de IngenierĂ­a. Instituto de IngenierĂ­a QuĂ­mica; ArgentinaFil: Pantano, Maria Nadia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de IngenierĂ­a. Instituto de IngenierĂ­a QuĂ­mica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rossomando, Francisco Guido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de AutomĂĄtica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de IngenierĂ­a. Instituto de AutomĂĄtica; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz, Oscar Alberto. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de IngenierĂ­a. Instituto de IngenierĂ­a QuĂ­mica; ArgentinaFil: Scaglia, Gustavo Juan Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de IngenierĂ­a. Instituto de IngenierĂ­a QuĂ­mica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentin

    Instrumentation and control of anaerobic digestion processes: a review and some research challenges

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    The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-015-9382-6[EN] To enhance energy production from methane or resource recovery from digestate, anaerobic digestion processes require advanced instrumentation and control tools. Over the years, research on these topics has evolved and followed the main fields of application of anaerobic digestion processes: from municipal sewage sludge to liquid mainly industrial then municipal organic fraction of solid waste and agricultural residues. Time constants of the processes have also changed with respect to the treated waste from minutes or hours to weeks or months. Since fast closed loop control is needed for short time constant processes, human operator is now included in the loop when taking decisions to optimize anaerobic digestion plants dealing with complex solid waste over a long retention time. Control objectives have also moved from the regulation of key variables measured online to the prediction of overall process perfor- mance based on global off-line measurements to optimize the feeding of the processes. Additionally, the need for more accurate prediction of methane production and organic matter biodegradation has impacted the complexity of instrumentation and should include a more detailed characterization of the waste (e.g., biochemical fractions like proteins, lipids and carbohydrates)andtheirbioaccessibility andbiodegradability characteristics. However, even if in the literature several methodologies have been developed to determine biodegradability based on organic matter characterization, only a few papers deal with bioaccessibility assessment. In this review, we emphasize the high potential of some promising techniques, such as spectral analysis, and we discuss issues that could appear in the near future concerning control of AD processes.The authors acknowledge the financial support of INRA (the French National Institute for Agricultural Research), the French National Research Agency (ANR) for the "Phycover" project (project ANR-14-CE04-0011) and ADEME for Inter-laboratory assay financial support.Jimenez, J.; Latrille, E.; Harmand, J.; Robles MartĂ­nez, Á.; Ferrer Polo, J.; Gaida, D.; Wolf, C.... (2015). Instrumentation and control of anaerobic digestion processes: a review and some research challenges. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology. 14(4):615-648. doi:10.1007/s11157-015-9382-6S615648144Aceves-Lara CA, Latrille E, Steyer JP (2010) Optimal control of hydrogen production in a continuous anaerobic fermentation bioreactor. 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