1,185 research outputs found
Mathematical Estimation of Logical Masking Capability of Majority/Minority Gates Used in Nanoelectronic Circuits
In nanoelectronic circuit synthesis, the majority gate and the inverter form
the basic combinational logic primitives. This paper deduces the mathematical
formulae to estimate the logical masking capability of majority gates, which
are used extensively in nanoelectronic digital circuit synthesis. The
mathematical formulae derived to evaluate the logical masking capability of
majority gates holds well for minority gates, and a comparison with the logical
masking capability of conventional gates such as NOT, AND/NAND, OR/NOR, and
XOR/XNOR is provided. It is inferred from this research work that the logical
masking capability of majority/minority gates is similar to that of XOR/XNOR
gates, and with an increase of fan-in the logical masking capability of
majority/minority gates also increases
Integrating a nanologic knowledge module Into an undergraduate logic design course
This work discusses a knowledge module in an undergraduate logic design course for electrical engineering (EE) and computer science (CS) students, that introduces them to nanocomputing concepts. This knowledge module has a twofold objective. First, the module interests students in the fundamental logical behavior and functionality of the nanodevices of the future, which will motivate them to enroll in other elective courses related to nanotechnology, offered in most EE and CS departments. Second, this module can be used to let students analyze, synthesize, and apply their existing knowledge of the Karnaugh-map-based Boolean logic reduction scheme into a revolutionary design context with majority logic. Where many efforts focus on developing new courses on nanofabrication and even nanocomputing, this work is designed to augment the existing standard EE and CS courses by inserting knowledge modules on nanologic structures so as to stimulate student interest without creating a significant diversion from the course framework
Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are a promising nanoscale computing technology that exploits the quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons between quantum dots in a cell andelectrostatic interaction between dots in neighboring cells. QCA can achieve higher speed, lowerpower, and smaller areas than conventional, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)
technology. Developing QCA circuits in a logically and physically reversible manner can provide exceptional reductions in energy dissipation. The main challenge is to maintain reversibility down to the physical level. A crucial component of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) is the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which executes multiple logical and arithmetic functions on the data processed by the CPU. Current QCA ALU designs are either irreversible or logically reversible; however, they lack physical reversibility, a crucial requirement to increase energy efficiency. This paper shows a new multilayer design for a QCA ALU that can carry out 16 different operations and is both logically and physically reversible. The design is based on reversible majority gates, which are the key building blocks. We use QCA Designer-E software to simulate and evaluate energy dissipation.
The proposed logically and physically reversible QCA ALU offers an improvement of 88.8% in energy efficiency. Compared to the next most efficient 16-operation QCA ALU, this ALU uses 51% fewer QCA cells and 47% less area
New Symmetric and Planar Designs of Reversible Full-Adders/Subtractors in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is one of the emerging nanotechnologies,
promising alternative to CMOS technology due to faster speed, smaller size,
lower power consumption, higher scale integration and higher switching
frequency. Also, power dissipation is the main limitation of all the nano
electronics design techniques including the QCA. Researchers have proposed the
various mechanisms to limit this problem. Among them, reversible computing is
considered as the reliable solution to lower the power dissipation. On the
other hand, adders are fundamental circuits for most digital systems. In this
paper, Innovation is divided to three sections. In the first section, a method
for converting irreversible functions to a reversible one is presented. This
method has advantages such as: converting of irreversible functions to
reversible one directly and as optimal. So, in this method, sub-optimal methods
of using of conventional reversible blocks such as Toffoli and Fredkin are not
used, having of minimum number of garbage outputs and so on. Then, Using the
method, two new symmetric and planar designs of reversible full-adders are
presented. In the second section, a new symmetric, planar and fault tolerant
five-input majority gate is proposed. Based on the designed gate, a reversible
full-adder are presented. Also, for this gate, a fault-tolerant analysis is
proposed. And in the third section, three new 8-bit reversible
full-adder/subtractors are designed based on full-adders/subtractors proposed
in the second section. The results are indicative of the outperformance of the
proposed designs in comparison to the best available ones in terms of area,
complexity, delay, reversible/irreversible layout, and also in logic level in
terms of garbage outputs, control inputs, number of majority and NOT gates
New Symmetric and Planar Designs of Reversible Full-Adders/Subtractors in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is one of the emerging nanotechnologies,
promising alternative to CMOS technology due to faster speed, smaller size,
lower power consumption, higher scale integration and higher switching
frequency. Also, power dissipation is the main limitation of all the nano
electronics design techniques including the QCA. Researchers have proposed the
various mechanisms to limit this problem. Among them, reversible computing is
considered as the reliable solution to lower the power dissipation. On the
other hand, adders are fundamental circuits for most digital systems. In this
paper, Innovation is divided to three sections. In the first section, a method
for converting irreversible functions to a reversible one is presented. This
method has advantages such as: converting of irreversible functions to
reversible one directly and as optimal. So, in this method, sub-optimal methods
of using of conventional reversible blocks such as Toffoli and Fredkin are not
used, having of minimum number of garbage outputs and so on. Then, Using the
method, two new symmetric and planar designs of reversible full-adders are
presented. In the second section, a new symmetric, planar and fault tolerant
five-input majority gate is proposed. Based on the designed gate, a reversible
full-adder are presented. Also, for this gate, a fault-tolerant analysis is
proposed. And in the third section, three new 8-bit reversible
full-adder/subtractors are designed based on full-adders/subtractors proposed
in the second section. The results are indicative of the outperformance of the
proposed designs in comparison to the best available ones in terms of area,
complexity, delay, reversible/irreversible layout, and also in logic level in
terms of garbage outputs, control inputs, number of majority and NOT gates
Cellular Automata
Modelling and simulation are disciplines of major importance for science and engineering. There is no science without models, and simulation has nowadays become a very useful tool, sometimes unavoidable, for development of both science and engineering. The main attractive feature of cellular automata is that, in spite of their conceptual simplicity which allows an easiness of implementation for computer simulation, as a detailed and complete mathematical analysis in principle, they are able to exhibit a wide variety of amazingly complex behaviour. This feature of cellular automata has attracted the researchers' attention from a wide variety of divergent fields of the exact disciplines of science and engineering, but also of the social sciences, and sometimes beyond. The collective complex behaviour of numerous systems, which emerge from the interaction of a multitude of simple individuals, is being conveniently modelled and simulated with cellular automata for very different purposes. In this book, a number of innovative applications of cellular automata models in the fields of Quantum Computing, Materials Science, Cryptography and Coding, and Robotics and Image Processing are presented
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