8,291 research outputs found
Discriminative Segmental Cascades for Feature-Rich Phone Recognition
Discriminative segmental models, such as segmental conditional random fields
(SCRFs) and segmental structured support vector machines (SSVMs), have had
success in speech recognition via both lattice rescoring and first-pass
decoding. However, such models suffer from slow decoding, hampering the use of
computationally expensive features, such as segment neural networks or other
high-order features. A typical solution is to use approximate decoding, either
by beam pruning in a single pass or by beam pruning to generate a lattice
followed by a second pass. In this work, we study discriminative segmental
models trained with a hinge loss (i.e., segmental structured SVMs). We show
that beam search is not suitable for learning rescoring models in this
approach, though it gives good approximate decoding performance when the model
is already well-trained. Instead, we consider an approach inspired by
structured prediction cascades, which use max-marginal pruning to generate
lattices. We obtain a high-accuracy phonetic recognition system with several
expensive feature types: a segment neural network, a second-order language
model, and second-order phone boundary features
Can FCA-based Recommender System Suggest a Proper Classifier?
The paper briefly introduces multiple classifier systems and describes a new
algorithm, which improves classification accuracy by means of recommendation of
a proper algorithm to an object classification. This recommendation is done
assuming that a classifier is likely to predict the label of the object
correctly if it has correctly classified its neighbors. The process of
assigning a classifier to each object is based on Formal Concept Analysis. We
explain the idea of the algorithm with a toy example and describe our first
experiments with real-world datasets.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables, ECAI 2014, workshop "What FCA can do
for "Artifficial Intelligence
Signatures of Infinity: Nonergodicity and Resource Scaling in Prediction, Complexity, and Learning
We introduce a simple analysis of the structural complexity of
infinite-memory processes built from random samples of stationary, ergodic
finite-memory component processes. Such processes are familiar from the well
known multi-arm Bandit problem. We contrast our analysis with
computation-theoretic and statistical inference approaches to understanding
their complexity. The result is an alternative view of the relationship between
predictability, complexity, and learning that highlights the distinct ways in
which informational and correlational divergences arise in complex ergodic and
nonergodic processes. We draw out consequences for the resource divergences
that delineate the structural hierarchy of ergodic processes and for processes
that are themselves hierarchical.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure; http://csc.ucdavis.edu/~cmg/compmech/pubs/soi.pd
Evolutionary Microeconomics and the Theory of Expectations
This paper sketches a framework for the analysis of expectations in an evolutionary microeconomics. The core proposition is that expectations form a network structure, and that the geometry of that network will provide a suitable guide as to the dynamical behaviour of that network. It is a development towards a theory of the computational processes that construct the data set of expectations. The role of probability theory is examined in this context. Two key issues will be explored: (1) on the nature and stability of expectations when they form as a complex network; and (2), the way in which this may be modelled within a multi-agent simulation platform. It is argued that multi-agent simulation (a-life) techniques provide an expedient analytical environment to study the dynamic nature of mass expectations, as generated or produced objects, in a way that bridges micro and macroeconomics.
What Is a Macrostate? Subjective Observations and Objective Dynamics
We consider the question of whether thermodynamic macrostates are objective
consequences of dynamics, or subjective reflections of our ignorance of a
physical system. We argue that they are both; more specifically, that the set
of macrostates forms the unique maximal partition of phase space which 1) is
consistent with our observations (a subjective fact about our ability to
observe the system) and 2) obeys a Markov process (an objective fact about the
system's dynamics). We review the ideas of computational mechanics, an
information-theoretic method for finding optimal causal models of stochastic
processes, and argue that macrostates coincide with the ``causal states'' of
computational mechanics. Defining a set of macrostates thus consists of an
inductive process where we start with a given set of observables, and then
refine our partition of phase space until we reach a set of states which
predict their own future, i.e. which are Markovian. Macrostates arrived at in
this way are provably optimal statistical predictors of the future values of
our observables.Comment: 15 pages, no figure
- …