18 research outputs found
Building Programmable Wireless Networks: An Architectural Survey
In recent times, there have been a lot of efforts for improving the ossified
Internet architecture in a bid to sustain unstinted growth and innovation. A
major reason for the perceived architectural ossification is the lack of
ability to program the network as a system. This situation has resulted partly
from historical decisions in the original Internet design which emphasized
decentralized network operations through co-located data and control planes on
each network device. The situation for wireless networks is no different
resulting in a lot of complexity and a plethora of largely incompatible
wireless technologies. The emergence of "programmable wireless networks", that
allow greater flexibility, ease of management and configurability, is a step in
the right direction to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of the wireless
networks. In this paper, we provide a broad overview of the architectures
proposed in literature for building programmable wireless networks focusing
primarily on three popular techniques, i.e., software defined networks,
cognitive radio networks, and virtualized networks. This survey is a
self-contained tutorial on these techniques and its applications. We also
discuss the opportunities and challenges in building next-generation
programmable wireless networks and identify open research issues and future
research directions.Comment: 19 page
Fairs for e-commerce: the benefits of aggregating buyers and sellers
In recent years, many new and interesting models of successful online
business have been developed. Many of these are based on the competition
between users, such as online auctions, where the product price is not fixed
and tends to rise. Other models, including group-buying, are based on
cooperation between users, characterized by a dynamic price of the product that
tends to go down. There is not yet a business model in which both sellers and
buyers are grouped in order to negotiate on a specific product or service. The
present study investigates a new extension of the group-buying model, called
fair, which allows aggregation of demand and supply for price optimization, in
a cooperative manner. Additionally, our system also aggregates products and
destinations for shipping optimization. We introduced the following new
relevant input parameters in order to implement a double-side aggregation: (a)
price-quantity curves provided by the seller; (b) waiting time, that is, the
longer buyers wait, the greater discount they get; (c) payment time, which
determines if the buyer pays before, during or after receiving the product; (d)
the distance between the place where products are available and the place of
shipment, provided in advance by the buyer or dynamically suggested by the
system. To analyze the proposed model we implemented a system prototype and a
simulator that allow to study effects of changing some input parameters. We
analyzed the dynamic price model in fairs having one single seller and a
combination of selected sellers. The results are very encouraging and motivate
further investigation on this topic
Analysis, characterization and optimization of the energy efficiency on softwarized mobile platforms
Mención Internacional en el título de doctorLa inminente 5ª generación de sistemas móviles (5G) está a punto de revolucionar la industria, trayendo una nueva arquitectura orientada a los nuevos mercados verticales y servicios. Debido a esto, el 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership (5G-PPP) ha especificado una lista de Indicadores de Rendimiento Clave (KPI) que todo sistema 5G tiene que soportar, por ejemplo incrementar por 1000 el volumen de datos, de 10 a 100 veces m´as dispositivos conectados o consumos energéticos 10 veces inferiores. Con el fin de conseguir estos requisitos, se espera expandir los despligues actuales usando mas Puntos de Acceso (PoA) incrementando así su densidad con
múltiples tecnologías inalámbricas. Esta estrategia de despliegue masivo tiene una contrapartida en la eficiencia energética, generando un conflicto con el KPI de reducir por 10 el consumo energético. En este contexto, la comunidad investigadora ha propuesto nuevos paradigmas para alcanzar los requisitos impuestos para los sistemas 5G, siendo materializados en tecnologías como Redes Definidas por Software (SDN) y Virtualización de Funciones de Red (NFV). Estos nuevos paradigmas son el primer paso hacia la softwarización de los despliegues móviles, incorporando nuevos grados de flexibilidad y reconfigurabilidad de la Red de Acceso Radio (RAN). En esta tesis, presentamos primero un análisis detallado y caracterización de las redes móviles softwarizadas. Consideramos el software como la base de la nueva generación de redes celulares y, por lo tanto, analizaremos y caracterizaremos el impacto en la eficiencia energética de estos
sistemas. La primera meta de este trabajo es caracterizar las plataformas software disponibles para Radios Definidas por Software (SDR), centrándonos en las dos soluciones principales de código abierto: OpenAirInterface (OAI) y srsLTE. Como resultado, proveemos una metodología para analizar y caracterizar el rendimiento de estas soluciones en función del uso de la CPU, rendimiento de red, compatibilidad y extensibilidad de dicho software. Una vez hemos entendido
qué rendimiento podemos esperar de este tipo de soluciones, estudiamos un prototipo SDR construido con aceleración hardware, que emplea una plataformas basada en FPGA. Este prototipo está diseñado para incluir capacidad de ser consciente de la energía, permiento al sistema ser reconfigurado para minimizar la huella energética cuando sea posible. Con el fin de validar el diseño de nuestro sistema, más tarde presentamos una plataforma para caracterizar la energía que será empleada para medir experimentalmente el consumo energético de dispositivos reales. En nuestro enfoque, realizamos dos tipos de análisis: a pequeña escala de tiempo y a gran escala de tiempo. Por lo tanto, para validar nuestro entorno de medidas, caracterizamos a través de análisis numérico los algoritmos para la Adaptación de la Tasa (RA) en IEEE 802.11, para entonces comparar
nuestros resultados teóricos con los experimentales. A continuación extendemos nuestro
análisis a la plataforma SDR acelerada por hardware previamente mencionada. Nuestros resultados experimentales muestran que nuestra sistema puede en efecto reducir la huella energética reconfigurando el despligue del sistema.
Entonces, la escala de tiempos es elevada y presentamos los esquemas para Recursos bajo Demanda (RoD) en despliegues de red ultra-densos. Esta estrategia está basada en apagar/encender
dinámicamente los elementos que forman la red con el fin de reducir el total del consumo
energético. Por lo tanto, presentamos un modelo analítico en dos sabores, un modelo exacto que predice el comportamiento del sistema con precisión pero con un alto coste computacional y uno simplificado que es más ligero en complejidad mientras que mantiene la precisión. Nuestros resultados muestran que estos esquemas pueden efectivamente mejorar la eficiencia energética de
los despliegues y mantener la Calidad de Servicio (QoS). Con el fin de probar la plausibilidad
de los esquemas RoD, presentamos un plataforma softwarizada que sigue el paradigma SDN,
OFTEN (OpenFlow framework for Traffic Engineering in mobile Network with energy awareness).
Nuestro diseño está basado en OpenFlow con funcionalidades para hacerlo consciente de
la energía. Finalmente, un prototipo real con esta plataforma es presentando, probando así la plausibilidad de los RoD en despligues reales.The upcoming 5th Generation of mobile systems (5G) is about to revolutionize the industry,
bringing a new architecture oriented to new vertical markets and services. Due to this, the 5G-PPP
has specified a list of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) that 5G systems need to support e.g. increasing
the 1000 times higher data volume, 10 to 100 times more connected devices or 10 times
lower power consumption. In order to achieve these requirements, it is expected to expand the
current deployments using more Points of Attachment (PoA) by increasing their density and by
using multiple wireless technologies. This massive deployment strategy triggers a side effect in
the energy efficiency though, generating a conflict with the “10 times lower power consumption”
KPI. In this context, the research community has proposed novel paradigms to achieve the imposed
requirements for 5G systems, being materialized in technologies such as Software Defined
Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). These new paradigms are the
first step to softwarize the mobile network deployments, enabling new degrees of flexibility and
reconfigurability of the Radio Access Network (RAN).
In this thesis, we first present a detailed analysis and characterization of softwarized mobile
networking. We consider software as a basis for the next generation of cellular networks and
hence, we analyze and characterize the impact on the energy efficiency of these systems. The
first goal of this work is to characterize the available software platforms for Software Defined
Radio (SDR), focusing on the two main open source solutions: OAI and srsLTE. As result, we
provide a methodology to analyze and characterize the performance of these solutions in terms
of CPU usage, network performance, compatibility and extensibility of the software. Once we
have understood the expected performance for such platformsc, we study an SDR prototype built
with hardware acceleration, that employs a FPGA based platform. This prototype is designed
to include energy-awareness capabilites, allowing the system to be reconfigured to minimize the
energy footprint when possible. In order to validate our system design, we later present an energy
characterization platform that we will employ to experimentally measure the energy consumption
of real devices. In our approach, we perform two kind of analysis: at short time scale and large
time scale. Thus, to validate our approach in short time scale and the energy framework, we have
characterized though numerical analysis the Rate Adaptation (RA) algorithms in IEEE 802.11,
and then compare our theoretical results to the obtained ones through experimentation. Next
we extend our analysis to the hardware accelerated SDR prototype previously mentioned. Our experimental results show that our system can indeed reduce the energy footprint reconfiguring
the system deployment.
Then, the time scale of our analysis is elevated and we present Resource-on-Demand (RoD)
schemes for ultradense network deployments. This strategy is based on dynamically switch on/off
the elements that form the network to reduce the overall energy consumption. Hence, we present
a analytic model in two flavors, an exact model that accurately predicts the system behaviour
but high computational cost and a simplified one that is lighter in complexity while keeping the
accuracy. Our results show that these schemes can effectively enhance the energy efficiency of
the deployments and mantaining the Quality of Service (QoS). In order to prove the feasibility of
RoD, we present a softwarized platform that follows the SDN paradigm, the OFTEN (Open Flow
framework for Traffic Engineering in mobile Networks with energy awareness) framework. Our
design is based on OpenFlow with energy-awareness functionalities. Finally, a real prototype of
this framework is presented, proving the feasibility of the RoD in real deployments.FP7-CROWD (2013-2015) CROWD (Connectivity management for eneRgy Optimised Wireless Dense networks).-- H2020-Flex5GWare (2015-2017) Flex5GWare (Flexible and efficient hardware/software platforms for 5G network elements and devices).Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería Telemática por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Gramaglia , Marco.- Secretario: José Nuñez.- Vocal: Fabrizio Giulian
Architectures of the third cloud : distributed, mobile, and pervasive systems design
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-125).In recent years, we have seen the proliferation of ubiquitous computers invading our public and private spaces. While personal computing is unfolding to become mobile activity, it rarely crosses the boundary of our personal devices, using the public interactive infrastructure as a substrate. This thesis develops an approach to interoperability and modular composition in the design of ubiquitous devices and systems. The focus is placed on the relationship between mobile devices and public infrastructure, in particular how a device with access to information about its physical and social context can dynamically configure and extend functionality of its cooperative environment to augment its interactive user experience. Based on Internet concepts of connectivity utility and resource utility, we derive the concept of interaction utility which we call the Third Cloud. Two complementary systems designs and implementations are presented to support this vision of computing. Substrate is an authoring framework and an execution environment intended to provide the necessary language and tools to easily compose self-operable applications capable of dynamically instantiate desired functionality in their proximate environment. The Amulet is a discrete portable device able to act on behalf of its user in a multitude of contexts. We evaluate the power and flexibility of these systems by using them in the construction of two applications. In the final chapter, we compare our approach with alternative ways of building such applications and suggest how our work can be extended.by David Gauthier.S.M
Overlay virtualized wireless sensor networks for application in industrial internet of things : a review
Abstract: In recent times, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are broadly applied in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in order to enhance the productivity and efficiency of existing and prospective manufacturing industries. In particular, an area of interest that concerns the use of WSNs in IIoT is the concept of sensor network virtualization and overlay networks. Both network virtualization and overlay networks are considered contemporary because they provide the capacity to create services and applications at the edge of existing virtual networks without changing the underlying infrastructure. This capability makes both network virtualization and overlay network services highly beneficial, particularly for the dynamic needs of IIoT based applications such as in smart industry applications, smart city, and smart home applications. Consequently, the study of both WSN virtualization and overlay networks has become highly patronized in the literature, leading to the growth and maturity of the research area. In line with this growth, this paper provides a review of the development made thus far concerning virtualized sensor networks, with emphasis on the application of overlay networks in IIoT. Principally, the process of virtualization in WSN is discussed along with its importance in IIoT applications. Different challenges in WSN are also presented along with possible solutions given by the use of virtualized WSNs. Further details are also presented concerning the use of overlay networks as the next step to supporting virtualization in shared sensor networks. Our discussion closes with an exposition of the existing challenges in the use of virtualized WSN for IIoT applications. In general, because overlay networks will be contributory to the future development and advancement of smart industrial and smart city applications, this review may be considered by researchers as a reference point for those particularly interested in the study of this growing field
Architectures for the Future Networks and the Next Generation Internet: A Survey
Networking research funding agencies in the USA, Europe, Japan, and other countries are encouraging research on revolutionary networking architectures that may or may not be bound by the restrictions of the current TCP/IP based Internet. We present a comprehensive survey of such research projects and activities. The topics covered include various testbeds for experimentations for new architectures, new security mechanisms, content delivery mechanisms, management and control frameworks, service architectures, and routing mechanisms. Delay/Disruption tolerant networks, which allow communications even when complete end-to-end path is not available, are also discussed