Katakan tidak pada rasuah

Isu atau masalah rasuah menjadi topik utama sama ada di peringkat antarabangsa mahupun di peringkat dalam negara. Pertubuhan Bangsa- bangsa Bersatu menegaskan komitmen komuniti antarabangsa bertegas untuk mencegah dan mengawal rasuah melalui buku bertajuk United Nations Convention against Corruption. Hal yang sama berlaku di Malaysia. Melalui pernyataan visi oleh mantan Perdana Menteri Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamed memberikan indikasi bahawa kerajaan Malaysia komited untuk mencapai aspirasi agar Malaysia dikenali kerana integriti dan bukannya rasuah. Justeru, tujuan penulisan bab ini adalah untuk membincangkan rasuah dari beberapa sudut termasuk perbincangan dari sudut agama Islam, faktor-faktor berlakunya gejala rasuah, dan usaha-usaha yang dijalankan di Malaysia untuk membanteras gejala rasuah. Perkara ini penting bagi mengenalpasti penjawat awam menanamkan keyakinan dalam melaksanakan tanggungjawab dengan menghindari diri daripada rasuah agar mereka sentiasa peka mengutamakan kepentingan awam

Towards verifying correctness of wireless sensor network applications using Insense and Spin

The design and implementation of wireless sensor network applications often require domain experts, who may lack expertise in software engineering, to produce resource-constrained, concurrent, real-time software without the support of high-level software engineering facilities. The Insense language aims to address this mismatch by allowing the complexities of synchronisation, memory management and event-driven programming to be borne by the language implementation rather than by the programmer. The main contribution of this paper is all initial step towards verifying the correctness of WSN applications with a focus on concurrency. We model part of the synchronisation mechanism of the Insense language implementation using Promela constructs and verify its correctness using SPIN. We demonstrate how a previously published version of the mechanism is shown to be incorrect by SPIN, and give complete verification results for the revised mechanism.Preprin

ANALISIS ALGORITMA SPIN PADA JARINGAN SENSOR NIRKABEL

ABSTRAKSI: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) adalah jaringan nirkabel yang menggunakan sensor untuk memonitor fisik atau kondisi lingkungan sekitar seperti suhu, suara, getaran, gelombang elektromagnetik, tekanan, gerakan, dan lain-lain. Wireless Sensor Network cenderung digunakan secara luas di masa depan karena WSN sangat memperluas kemampuan kita untuk memantau dan mengontrol lingkungan fisik dari lokasi terpencil. Jaringan semacam itu dapat sangat meningkatkan keakuratan informasi yang diperoleh melalui kolaborasi antara node sensor dan pengolahan informasi pada saat node online. Perkembangan dari wireless sensor network sebenarnya sudah dimulai dari kebutuhan dalam bidang militer, tetapi sekarang WSN sudah digunakan dalam bidang industri dan penggunaannya untuk kemudahan masyarakat sipil.Pada tugas akhir ini, disimulasikan salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan performansi jaringan dengan Quality of Servise (QoS) yang baik adalah dengan menggunakan algoritma SPIN (Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation). Variabel yang diubah adalah jumlah border node dan jumlah node sensor pada masing – masing pengujian. Pada pengujian ini juga akan dibandingkan dengan direct transmission untuk melihat kehandalan algoritma SPIN itu sendiri. Sedangkan parameter yang diukur adalah throughput, delay, packetloss, retransmisi, dan routing overhead.Hasil yang didapat pada tugas akhir ini antara lain jumlah border node akan mempengaruhi besarnya nilai throughput dan average delay. Begitu pula jumlah node sensor yang disebar atau diletakkan pada suatu area tertentu nilai throughput dan delay akan mengalami perubahan. Throughput akan semakin bertambah ketika jumlah node sensor juga bertambah. Selain itu, dapat juga dibuktikan bahwa algoritma SPIN lebih baik dibandingkan dengan direct transmission dari segi packetloss dan retransmisi.Kata Kunci : wireless sensor network, SPIN, direct transmissionABSTRACT: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is wireless networks which using sensor to sense environment parameter such as temperature, sound, vibration, and electromagnetic wave, etc. Wireless Sensor Network very good to use in future because it can expand our sense and controlling physical environment at far and difficult location. Networks like it can be use to increase information accuracy which got from collaboration of node sensor and information processing when online. WSN Development actually have been begin from military needs, but now WSN have used in industrial and good for civilian.This final project contain simulation of one solution to increase networks performance together with good Quality of Service (QoS) using SPIN Algorithm ( Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation ). Variables which modified is number of border node and number of sensors in experiment. In these tests will also be compared with direct transmission to see the reliability of the SPIN algorithm itself. The parameters which measured are throughput, delay, packetloss, retransmission, and routing overhead.The results which got from this simulation are number of node will affect throughput and average delay value. Similarly, the number of sensor nodes are placed on a particular area of throughput and delay will change. Throughput will be increase comparable with number of sensor node which used. Beside of that, can be seen that SPIN algorithm is better than direct transmission if seen from packetloss and retransmission.Keyword: wireless sensor network, SPIN, direct transmissio

Networking - A Statistical Physics Perspective

Efficient networking has a substantial economic and societal impact in a broad range of areas including transportation systems, wired and wireless communications and a range of Internet applications. As transportation and communication networks become increasingly more complex, the ever increasing demand for congestion control, higher traffic capacity, quality of service, robustness and reduced energy consumption require new tools and methods to meet these conflicting requirements. The new methodology should serve for gaining better understanding of the properties of networking systems at the macroscopic level, as well as for the development of new principled optimization and management algorithms at the microscopic level. Methods of statistical physics seem best placed to provide new approaches as they have been developed specifically to deal with non-linear large scale systems. This paper aims at presenting an overview of tools and methods that have been developed within the statistical physics community and that can be readily applied to address the emerging problems in networking. These include diffusion processes, methods from disordered systems and polymer physics, probabilistic inference, which have direct relevance to network routing, file and frequency distribution, the exploration of network structures and vulnerability, and various other practical networking applications.Comment: (Review article) 71 pages, 14 figure

Inkjet printed LED based pH chemical sensor for gas sensing

Predictable behaviour is a critical factor when developing a sensor for potential deployment within a wireless sensor network (WSN). The work presented here details the fabrication and performance of an optical chemical sensor for gaseous acetic acid analysis, which was constructed using inkjet printed deposition of a colorimetric chemical sensor. The chemical sensor comprised a pH indicator dye (bromophenol blue), phase transfer salt tetrahexylammonium bromide and polymer ethyl cellulose dissolved in 1-butanol. A paired emitter-detector diode (PEDD) optical detector was employed to monitor responses of the colorimetric chemical sensor as it exhibits good sensitivity, low power consumption, is low cost, accurate and has excellent signal to noise ratios. The chemical sensor formulation was printed directly onto the surface the emitter LED, and the resulting chemical sensors characterised with respect to their layer thickness, response time and recovery time. The fabrication reproducibility of inkjet printed chemical sensors in comparison to drop casted chemical sensors was investigated. Colorimetric chemical sensors produced by inkjet printing, exhibited an improved reproducibility for the detection of gaseous acetic acid with a relative standard deviation of 5.5 % in comparison to 68.0 % calculated for drop casted sensors (n = 10). The stability of the chemical sensor was also investigated through both intra and inter-day studies

Data Aggregation & Transfer in Data Centric Network Using Spin Protocol in WSN

The advancement in the wireless communications and electronics has led to the growth of low-cost sensor networks. Due to which the sensor networks is part of different application areas now. Low-cost, low-power and multifunctional small-sized sensor devices are the great end-products of wireless sensor network technologies. These sensor nodes together in a group form a sensing network. A sensor network can offer access to data anytime, anywhere by gathering, processing, evaluating and distributing data. The evolution of information sending in wireless sensor networks is boosting to devise newer and more advanced routing strategies. Many strategies have considered data collection and data dissemination. In this project, the data produced by the sensor nodes is aggregated and provide the further guaranteed data transmission to sink node/ base station using clustering mechanism and node concentration with SPIN protocol. The proposed scheme provides increased network lifetime, better data gathering and period of stability as compared to M-LEACH protocol