73,715 research outputs found
Single top-quark production at the Tevatron and the LHC
This paper provides a review of the experimental studies of processes with a
single top quark at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider and the LHC
proton-proton collider. Single top-quark production in the t-channel process
has been measured at both colliders. The s-channel process has been observed at
the Tevatron, and its rate has been also measured at the center-of-mass energy
of 8 TeV at the LHC in spite of the comparatively harsher background
contamination. LHC data also brought the observation of the associated
production of a single top quark with a W boson as well as with a Z boson. The
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vtb| is extracted from the
single-top-quark production cross sections, and t-channel events are used to
measure several properties of the top quark and set constraints on models of
physics beyond the Standard Model. Rare final states with a single top quark
are searched for, as enhancements in their production rates, if observed, would
be clear signs of new physics.Comment: 44 pages, accepted by to Review of Modern Physic
TRIDEnT: Building Decentralized Incentives for Collaborative Security
Sophisticated mass attacks, especially when exploiting zero-day
vulnerabilities, have the potential to cause destructive damage to
organizations and critical infrastructure. To timely detect and contain such
attacks, collaboration among the defenders is critical. By correlating
real-time detection information (alerts) from multiple sources (collaborative
intrusion detection), defenders can detect attacks and take the appropriate
defensive measures in time. However, although the technical tools to facilitate
collaboration exist, real-world adoption of such collaborative security
mechanisms is still underwhelming. This is largely due to a lack of trust and
participation incentives for companies and organizations. This paper proposes
TRIDEnT, a novel collaborative platform that aims to enable and incentivize
parties to exchange network alert data, thus increasing their overall detection
capabilities. TRIDEnT allows parties that may be in a competitive relationship,
to selectively advertise, sell and acquire security alerts in the form of
(near) real-time peer-to-peer streams. To validate the basic principles behind
TRIDEnT, we present an intuitive game-theoretic model of alert sharing, that is
of independent interest, and show that collaboration is bound to take place
infinitely often. Furthermore, to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach,
we instantiate our design in a decentralized manner using Ethereum smart
contracts and provide a fully functional prototype.Comment: 28 page
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HD Physiology Project-Japanese efforts to promote multilevel integrative systems biology and physiome research.
The HD Physiology Project is a Japanese research consortium that aimed to develop methods and a computational platform in which physiological and pathological information can be described in high-level definitions across multiple scales of time and size. During the 5 years of this project, an appropriate software platform for multilevel functional simulation was developed and a whole-heart model including pharmacokinetics for the assessment of the proarrhythmic risk of drugs was developed. In this article, we outline the description and scientific strategy of this project and present the achievements and influence on multilevel integrative systems biology and physiome research
Theories about architecture and performance of multi-agent systems
Multi-agent systems are promising as models of organization because they are based on the idea that most work in human organizations is done based on intelligence, communication, cooperation, and massive parallel processing. They offer an alternative for system theories of organization, which are rather abstract of nature and do not pay attention to the agent level. In contrast, classical organization theories offer a rather rich source of inspiration for developing multi-agent models because of their focus on the agent level. This paper studies the plausibility of theoretical choices in the construction of multi-agent systems. Multi-agent systems have to be plausible from a philosophical, psychological, and organizational point of view. For each of these points of view, alternative theories exist. Philosophically, the organization can be seen from the viewpoints of realism and constructivism. Psychologically, several agent types can be distinguished. A main problem in the construction of psychologically plausible computer agents is the integration of response function systems with representational systems. Organizationally, we study aspects of the architecture of multi-agent systems, namely topology, system function decomposition, coordination and synchronization of agent processes, and distribution of knowledge and language characteristics among agents. For each of these aspects, several theoretical perspectives exist.
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