319 research outputs found
On the design of smart parking networks in the smart cities: an optimal sensor placement model
Smart parking is a typical IoT application that can benefit from advances in
sensor, actuator and RFID technologies to provide many services to its users and parking
owners of a smart city. This paper considers a smart parking infrastructure where sensors
are laid down on the parking spots to detect car presence and RFID readers are embedded
into parking gates to identify cars and help in the billing of the smart parking. Both types
of devices are endowed with wired and wireless communication capabilities for reporting
to a gateway where the situation recognition is performed. The sensor devices are tasked
to play one of the three roles: (1) slave sensor nodes located on the parking spot to detect
car presence/absence; (2) master nodes located at one of the edges of a parking lot to detect
presence and collect the sensor readings from the slave nodes; and (3) repeater sensor nodes,
also called ''anchor'' nodes, located strategically at specific locations in the parking lot to
increase the coverage and connectivity of the wireless sensor network. While slave and
master nodes are placed based on geographic constraints, the optimal placement of the
relay/anchor sensor nodes in smart parking is an important parameter upon which the cost
and e ciency of the parking system depends. We formulate the optimal placement of sensors
in smart parking as an integer linear programming multi-objective problem optimizing the
sensor network engineering e ciency in terms of coverage and lifetime maximization, as
well as its economic gain in terms of the number of sensors deployed for a specific coverage
and lifetime. We propose an exact solution to the node placement problem using single-step
and two-step solutions implemented in the Mosel language based on the Xpress-MPsuite of
libraries. Experimental results reveal the relative e ciency of the single-step compared to
the two-step model on di erent performance parameters. These results are consolidated by
simulation results, which reveal that our solution outperforms a random placement in terms
of both energy consumption, delay and throughput achieved by a smart parking network
Optimization-Based Methodology for the Exploration of Cyber-Physical System Architectures
In this thesis, we address the design space exploration of cyber-physical system architectures to select correct-by-construction configuration and interconnection of system components taken from pre-defined libraries. We formulate the exploration problem as a mapping problem and use optimization to solve it by searching for a minimum cost architecture that meets system requirements.
Using a graph-based representation of a system architecture, we define a set of generic mixed integer linear constraints over graph vertices, edges and paths, and use these constraints to instantiate a variety of design requirements (e.g., interconnection, flow, workload, timing, reliability, routing). We implement a comprehensive toolbox that supports all steps of the proposed methodology. It provides a pattern-based formal language to facilitate requirements specification and a set of scalable algorithms for encoding and solving exploration problems.
We prove our concepts on a set of case studies for different cyber-physical system domains, such as electrical power distribution networks, reconfigurable industrial production lines and wireless sensor networks
Recent Advances in Indoor Localization Systems and Technologies
Despite the enormous technical progress seen in the past few years, the maturity of indoor localization technologies has not yet reached the level of GNSS solutions. The 23 selected papers in this book present the recent advances and new developments in indoor localization systems and technologies, propose novel or improved methods with increased performance, provide insight into various aspects of quality control, and also introduce some unorthodox positioning methods
- …