11,009 research outputs found
An information retrieval approach to ontology mapping
In this paper, we present a heuristic mapping method and a prototype mapping system that support the process of semi-automatic ontology mapping for the purpose of improving semantic interoperability in heterogeneous systems. The approach is based on the idea of semantic enrichment, i.e., using instance information of the ontology to enrich the original ontology and calculate similarities between concepts in two ontologies. The functional settings for the mapping system are discussed and the evaluation of the prototype implementation of the approach is reported. \ud
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Semantic user profiling techniques for personalised multimedia recommendation
Due to the explosion of news materials available through broadcast and other channels, there is an increasing need for personalised news video retrieval. In this work, we introduce a semantic-based user modelling technique to capture usersâ evolving information needs. Our approach exploits implicit user interaction to capture long-term user interests in a profile. The organised interests are used to retrieve and recommend news stories to the users. In this paper, we exploit the Linked Open Data Cloud to identify similar news stories that match the usersâ interest. We evaluate various recommendation parameters by introducing a simulation-based evaluation scheme
Determining Personal Evolving Topic-need to Support Information Search Activities
With the growing amount of information in the organizational memories of knowledge-intensive work environments, knowledge workers are suffering increasingly from information overload. Hence, an important aspect of effective knowledge delivery is supporting task-relevant knowledge by considering the characteristics of tasks and the nature of workersâ search behavior in organizations. The pilot research models in the information seeking (IS) research area show that workersâ information seeking activities exhibit common patterns. Based on the observations of previous studies, this work investigates the issues involved in determining the variations in task-relevant topics to support the information search process. Specifically, we provide an overview of the ISP model and theory; propose an evolving topic-needs determination method to examine the variety of a workerâs information needs for topics across task-stages; and identify a workerâs task-needs precisely by interactively mapping his/her information needs to the specific level of topics in the taxonomy. We have conducted an evaluation in a research institute which has implications for assisting workers who search the relevance information while conducting a long-term research project
Towards ad-hoc situation determination
Toolkits such as PlaceLab [1] have been successful in making location information freely available for use in experimental ubiquitous computing applications. As users' expectations of ubiquitous computing applications grow, we envisage a need for tools that can deliver a much richer set of contextual information. The high-level situation of the current environment is a key contextual element, and this position paper focuses on a method to provide this information for an ad-hoc group of people and devices. The contributions of this paper are i) a demonstration of how information retrieval (IR) techniques can be applied to situation determination in context-aware systems, ii) a proposal of a novel approach to situation determination that combines these adapted IR techniques with a process of cooperative interaction, and iii) a report of preliminary results. The approach offers a high level of utility and accuracy, with a greater level of automation than other contemporary approaches
An Ontology- Content-based Filtering Method
Traditional content-based filtering methods usually utilize text extraction and classification techniques
for building user profiles as well as for representations of contents, i.e. item profiles. These methods have some
disadvantages e.g. mismatch between user profile terms and item profile terms, leading to low performance.
Some of the disadvantages can be overcome by incorporating a common ontology which enables representing
both the users' and the items' profiles with concepts taken from the same vocabulary.
We propose a new content-based method for filtering and ranking the relevancy of items for users, which utilizes
a hierarchical ontology. The method measures the similarity of the user's profile to the items' profiles, considering
the existing of mutual concepts in the two profiles, as well as the existence of "related" concepts, according to
their position in the ontology. The proposed filtering algorithm computes the similarity between the users' profiles
and the items' profiles, and rank-orders the relevant items according to their relevancy to each user. The method
is being implemented in ePaper, a personalized electronic newspaper project, utilizing a hierarchical ontology
designed specifically for classification of News items. It can, however, be utilized in other domains and extended
to other ontologies
CHORUS Deliverable 2.2: Second report - identification of multi-disciplinary key issues for gap analysis toward EU multimedia search engines roadmap
After addressing the state-of-the-art during the first year of Chorus and establishing the existing landscape in
multimedia search engines, we have identified and analyzed gaps within European research effort during our second year.
In this period we focused on three directions, notably technological issues, user-centred issues and use-cases and socio-
economic and legal aspects. These were assessed by two central studies: firstly, a concerted vision of functional breakdown
of generic multimedia search engine, and secondly, a representative use-cases descriptions with the related discussion on
requirement for technological challenges. Both studies have been carried out in cooperation and consultation with the
community at large through EC concertation meetings (multimedia search engines cluster), several meetings with our
Think-Tank, presentations in international conferences, and surveys addressed to EU projects coordinators as well as
National initiatives coordinators. Based on the obtained feedback we identified two types of gaps, namely core
technological gaps that involve research challenges, and âenablersâ, which are not necessarily technical research
challenges, but have impact on innovation progress. New socio-economic trends are presented as well as emerging legal
challenges
The Semantic Grid: A future e-Science infrastructure
e-Science offers a promising vision of how computer and communication technology can support and enhance the scientific process. It does this by enabling scientists to generate, analyse, share and discuss their insights, experiments and results in an effective manner. The underlying computer infrastructure that provides these facilities is commonly referred to as the Grid. At this time, there are a number of grid applications being developed and there is a whole raft of computer technologies that provide fragments of the necessary functionality. However there is currently a major gap between these endeavours and the vision of e-Science in which there is a high degree of easy-to-use and seamless automation and in which there are flexible collaborations and computations on a global scale. To bridge this practiceâaspiration divide, this paper presents a research agenda whose aim is to move from the current state of the art in e-Science infrastructure, to the future infrastructure that is needed to support the full richness of the e-Science vision. Here the future e-Science research infrastructure is termed the Semantic Grid (Semantic Grid to Grid is meant to connote a similar relationship to the one that exists between the Semantic Web and the Web). In particular, we present a conceptual architecture for the Semantic Grid. This architecture adopts a service-oriented perspective in which distinct stakeholders in the scientific process, represented as software agents, provide services to one another, under various service level agreements, in various forms of marketplace. We then focus predominantly on the issues concerned with the way that knowledge is acquired and used in such environments since we believe this is the key differentiator between current grid endeavours and those envisioned for the Semantic Grid
Hybrid Profiling in Information Retrieval
Abstract-One of the main challenges in search engine quality of service is how to satisfy the needs and the interests of individual users. This raises the fundamental issue of how to identify and select the information that is relevant to a specific user. This concern over generic provision and the lack of search precision have provided the impetus for the research into Web Search personalisation. In this paper a hybrid user profiling system is proposed -a combination of explicit and implicit user profiles for improving the web search effectiveness in terms of precision and recall. The proposed system is content-based and implements the Vector Space Model. Experimental results, supported by significance tests, indicate that the system offers better precision and recall in comparison to traditional search engines
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