186 research outputs found

    Diversité et structure du zooplancton : importance pour la conservation de la biodiversité aquatique en zone urbaine

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    L'écologie urbaine est un nouveau champ de recherche qui cherche à comprendre les structures et les patrons des communautés et des écosystèmes situés dans des paysages urbains. Les petits plans d’eau sont connus comme des écosystèmes aquatiques qui peuvent contenir une biodiversité considérable pour plusieurs groupes taxonomiques (oiseaux, amphibiens, macroinvertébrés), ce qui en fait des écosystèmes intéressants pour les études de conservation. Cependant, la biodiversité du zooplancton, un élément central des réseaux trophiques aquatiques, n’est pas entièrement connue pour les plans d’eaux urbains et devrait être mieux décrite et comprise. Cette étude a évalué les patrons de biodiversité des communautés zooplanctoniques dans des plans d’eau urbains sur l’Ile de Montréal et leurs sources de variation. Des suggestions pour l’évaluation et la conservation de la biodiversité sont aussi discutées. La biodiversité zooplanctonique des plans d’eaux urbains s’est avérée être assez élevée, avec les cladocères et les rotifères montrant les contributions à la diversité gamma et bêta les plus élevées. Sur l’ensemble des plans d’eau, il y avait une corrélation négative entre les contributions à la bêta diversité des cladocères et des rotifères. Au niveau de chaque plan d'eau, la zone littorale colonisée par des macrophytes s'est avérée être un habitat important pour la biodiversité zooplactonique, contribuant considérablement à la richesse en taxons, souvent avec une différente composition en espèces. Les communautés zooplanctoniques répondaient aux facteurs ascendants et descendants, mais aussi aux pratiques d’entretien, car le fait de vider les plans d’eau en hiver affecte la composition des communautés zooplanctoniques. Les communautés de cladocères dans ces plans d’eau possédaient des quantités variables de diversité phylogénétique, ce qui permet de les classer afin de prioriser les sites à préserver par rapport à la diversité phylogénétique. Le choix des sites à préserver afin de maximiser la diversité phylogénétique devrait être correctement établi, afin d’eviter de faire des choix sous-optimaux. Cependant, pour des taxons tels que les cladocères, pour lesquels les relations phylogénétiques demeurent difficiles à établir, placer une confiance absolue dans un seul arbre est une procédure dangereuse. L’incorporation de l’incertitude phylogénétique a démontré que, lorsqu’elle est prise en compte, plusieurs différences potentielles entre la diversité phylogenétique ne sont plus supportées. Les patrons de composition des communautés différaient entre les plans d’eau, les mois et les zones d’échantillonnage. Etant donné les intéractions sont significatives entres ces facters; ceci indique que tous ces facteurs devraient êtres considérés. L’urbanisation ne semblait pas sélectionner pour un type unique de composition des groupes alimentaires, étant donné que les communautés pouvaient changer entres des assemblages de types alimentaires différents. Les variables environnementales, surtout la couverture du plan d’eau en macrophytes, étaient des facteurs importants pour la biodiversité zooplanctonique, affectant la richesse spécifique de divers groupes taxonomiques et alimentaires. Ces variables affectaient aussi la composition des communautés, mais dans une moindre mesure, étant des variables explicatives modestes, ce qui indiquerait le besoin de considérer d’autres processus.Urban ecology is an emerging research field that seeks to understand the structures and patterns of communities and ecosystems located in urban landscapes. Small waterbodies are known as aquatic ecosystems that can harbour notable biodiversity for various taxonomic groups (birds, amphibians, macroinvertebrates), making them interesting ecosystems for conservation studies. However, the biodiversity of zooplankton, a central element of aquatic trophic networks, is still not entirely known for urban waterbodies and should be better described and understood. This study examined the biodiversity patterns of zooplanktonic communities in urban waterbodies on the Island of Montreal and their sources of variation. Suggestions for biodiversity assessment and for biodiversity preservation are also discussed. Zooplankton biodiversity urban waterbodies proved to be quite high, with cladoceran and rotifer taxa showing the highest contributions to gamma and beta diversity. Across waterbodies, there was a negative correlation between the contributions to cladoceran and rotifer beta diversity. Within waterbodies, the littoral zone showing macrophytes proved to be an important habitat for zooplankton biodiversity, considerably contributing species richness, often with a different species composition. Zooplankton communities responded to bottom-up and top-down forces, but also management practices, as waterbody emptying in winter affected zooplankton community composition. Cladoceran communities in these waterbodies showed varying amounts of phylogenetic diversity, which allowed them to be ranked in order to prioritize sites to preserve with regards to phylogenetic diversity. Selection of sites to preserve in order to maximize phylogenetic diversity should be properly guided, in order to avoid making suboptimal choices. However, for taxa such as Cladocera, for which phylogenetic relationships remain difficult to establish, placing absolute confidence in a single tree is a dangerous procedure. Incorporation of phylogenetic uncertainty showed that, when it is taken into account, then several potential differences in phylogenetic diversity were not supported anymore. Community composition patterns differed between waterbodies, months and sampling zones. Due to the presence of significant interactions between these factors, this indicates that all these factors should be considered. Urbanization did not seem to select for a single type of feeding group composition, as communities in waterbodies could shift between assemblages with different feeding types. Environmental variables, especially waterbody macrophyte coverage, were important factors for zooplankton biodiversity, positively affected species richness of various taxonomic groups and feeding groups. These variables also affected community composition, but to a lesser extent, being modest predictor variables, indicating the need to consider other processes

    Distribution, diversity and biology of deep-sea fishes in the Indian EEZ

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    This thesis Entitled distribution ,diversity and biology of deep-sea fishes the indian Eez.Fishing rights and responsibilities it entails in the deep-sea sector has been a vexed issue since the mid-nineties and various stakeholders have different opinion on the modalities of harnessing the marine fisheries wealth, especially from the oceanic and deeper waters. The exploitation and utilization of these esources requires technology development and upgradation in harvest and post-harvest areas; besides shore infrastructure for berthing, handling, storing and processing facilities. At present, although deep-sea fishes don’t have any ready market in our country it can be converted into value added products. Many problems have so far confronted the deep-sea fishing sector not allowing it to reach its full potential. Hence, there should be a sound deep-sea fishing policy revolving round the upgradation of the capabilities of small scale fishermen, who have the inherent skills but do not have adequate support to develop themselves and to acquire vessels having the capability to operate in farther and deeper waters. Prospects for the commercial exploitation and utilization of deep-sea fishes were analyzed using SWOL analysis

    Studies on taxonomy, distribution, ecology and reproductive potential of rotifers from selected centres in Cochin backwater system, Kerala

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    The studies were conducted in nine stations with varying ecological characteristics along Cochin backwaters and adjoining canals. Many workers opined that the distribution of rotifers is cosmopolitan. The significance of rotifers as first food for early larvae was indicated by Fujita. Aquaculture is a fast growing field in fisheries sector and it is gaining more importance as the fish landings and supply are getting irregular. A consistent supply of fish/shellfish can only be achieved through aquaculture. The success of any culture activity depends on the timely production of seeds of finfishes/shellfishes. The availability of wild seed is seasonal and erratic. So, a dependable source of seed of fishes and shellfishes is possible only through large scale production in hatchery. A successful seed production activity depends on the availability of a variety of suitable live feed organisms in sufficient quantities at the proper time for use in the larval stages. As the live feeds promote high growth rates, easy digestion, assimilation and the quality of not contaminating the culture water when compared to other artificial feeds, make the culture of live feed organisms the principal means of providing food for the larvae of finfishes and shellfishes. Rotifers are considered to be an excellent and indispensable food for larvae of many finfishes and crustaceans. It (1960) was the first to culture Brachionus plicatilis for feeding marine fish larvae, and now it is being extensively used as live feed in hatcheries all over the world. They are a group of microscopic organisms coming under the Phylum Rotifera which comprises of about 2000 species. Their slow swimming habits, ability to tolerate a wide range of salinities, parthenogenetic mode of reproduction and ability to get enriched easily, make rotifers an ideal live feed organism. The major factors such as temperature, salinity and food that influence the reproductive potential and thereby the population size of rotifer, Salinity is one of the most important aspect influencing the reproductive rate of rotifers. The feed type and feed concentration play a vital role in influencing the reproductive rate of rotifers. For culture of rotifers, the commonly used micro algae belong to Chlorella, Nannochloropsis, Isochrysis and Tetraselmis. While some studies have suggested that, algal diet has little effect on reproductive rates in 1979 while using the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis as feed for the larvae of red sea bream, Pagrus major. It is generally accepted that rotifers play a pivotal role in the successful rearing of marine fish larvae

    Scientific Information on Gulf of Mannar - A Bibliography

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    Gulf of Mannar in the southeast coast of India extends from Rameswaram Island in the north to Kanyakumari in the south. It has a chain of 21 islands stretching from Mandapam to Tuticorin to a distance of 140 km along the coast. Each one of the islands is located anywhere between 2 and 10 km from the mainland. The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve was set up on 18th February 1989 jointly by the Government of India and the state of Tamilnadu. The government of Tamilnadu in G.O. M.S. No 962 dated 10th September 1986 notified under section 35(1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 the intention to declare the 21 islands as Marine National Park for the purpose of protecting marine wildlife and its environment including depths of 3.5 fathoms on the bay side to 5 fathoms on the seaward side. The compilation of all available scientific literature in the form of an annotated bibliography of the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve has brought to light the existence of nearly 3,000 publications up to date. This covers the literature published from as early as 1864 to the current year. A large number of publications in the first half of the 20th century have brought out information on the variety of fauna and flora found in the Gulf of Mannar, their biology and ecology. A lot of emphasis on the fish and fisheries research has been given only in the second half of the 20th century. Emphasis is being given on biochemical aspects of flora and fauna in the later part of the 20th century and at present

    Diversity and Salinity-Dependent Behaviour of Benthic Cyanobacterial Communities

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    Population dynamics and species interactions of marine nematodes under climate change

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    Principal Component Analysis

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    This book is aimed at raising awareness of researchers, scientists and engineers on the benefits of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in data analysis. In this book, the reader will find the applications of PCA in fields such as taxonomy, biology, pharmacy,finance, agriculture, ecology, health and architecture

    Marine Ecosystem Challenges & Opportunities (MECOS 3)

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    The Marine Biological Association of India (MBAI), established in 1958, is proud to gear up for MECOS3, the third symposium on Marine Ecosystems- Challenges and Opportunities during 7-10 January, 2020. The MBAI besides organising MECOS1 (2009) and MECOS2 (2014) has inculcated active interest and participation among its members by handling several national and international symposia/seminars, since its formation. The MBAI has 794 life members and 20 institutional members. The mandate of the MBAI is promotion of scientific research in the field of marine biology and allied sciences

    Population characteristics and taxonomy of lantern fishes of genus Diaphus (Family Myctophidae) off south west coast of India

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    Globally most of the conventional fish stocks have reached a state of optimum exploitation or even over-exploitation; efficient utilization of non-conventional resources is necessary to meet the supply-demand gap for protein supply. Mesopelagic fishes can be considered as one such promising resource for the future, if appropriate harvest and post-harvest technologies are developed. Increasing human population and increasing demand for cheaper food fishes has made myctophids a possible potential resource for future exploitation and utilization. Earlier studies indicated the abundance of Diaphus spp. in the eastern and northeastern Arabian Sea. The present study also indicates the dominance of Diaphus spp. in the deep sea trawling grounds of south west coast of India
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