2,371 research outputs found

    How to collect high quality segmentations: use human or computer drawn object boundaries?

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    High quality segmentations must be captured consistently for applications such as biomedical image analysis. While human drawn segmentations are often collected because they provide a consistent level of quality, computer drawn segmentations can be collected efficiently and inexpensively. In this paper, we examine how to leverage available human and computer resources to consistently create high quality segmentations. We propose a quality control methodology. We demonstrate how to apply this approach using crowdsourced and domain expert votes for the "best" segmentation from a collection of human and computer drawn segmentations for 70 objects from a public dataset and 274 objects from biomedical images. We publicly share the library of biomedical images which includes 1,879 manual annotations of the boundaries of 274 objects. We found for the 344 objects that no single segmentation source was preferred and that human annotations are not always preferred over computer annotations. These results motivated us to examine the traditional approach to evaluate segmentation algorithms, which involves comparing the segmentations produced by the algorithms to manual annotations on benchmark datasets. We found that algorithm benchmarking results change when the comparison is made to consensus-voted segmentations. Our results led us to suggest a new segmentation approach that uses machine learning to predict the optimal segmentation source and a modified segmentation evaluation approach.National Science Foundation (IIS-0910908

    Toward Predicting Secure Environments for Wearable Devices

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    Wearable devices have become more common for the average consumer. As devices need to operate with low power, many devices use simplified security measures to secure the data during transmission. While Bluetooth, the primary method of communication, includes certain security measures as part of the format, they are insufficient to fully secure the connection and the data transmitted. Users must be made aware of the potential security threats to the information communicated by the wearable, as well as be empowered and engaged to protect it. In this paper, we propose a method of identifying insecure environments through crowdsourced data, allowing wearable consumers to deploy an application on their base system (e.g., a smart phone) that alerts when in the presence of a security threat. We examine two different machine learning methods for classifying the environment and interacting with the users, as well as evaluating the potential uses for both algorithms

    Road Infrastructure Challenges Faced by Automated Driving: A Review

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    Automated driving can no longer be referred to as hype or science fiction but rather a technology that has been gradually introduced to the market. The recent activities of regulatory bodies and the market penetration of automated driving systems (ADS) demonstrate that society is exhibiting increasing interest in this field and gradually accepting new methods of transport. Automated driving, however, does not depend solely on the advances of onboard sensor technology or artificial intelligence (AI). One of the essential factors in achieving trust and safety in automated driving is road infrastructure, which requires careful consideration. Historically, the development of road infrastructure has been guided by human perception, but today we are at a turning point at which this perspective is not sufficient. In this study, we review the limitations and advances made in the state of the art of automated driving technology with respect to road infrastructure in order to identify gaps that are essential for bridging the transition from human control to self-driving. The main findings of this study are grouped into the following five clusters, characterised according to challenges that must be faced in order to cope with future mobility: international harmonisation of traffic signs and road markings, revision of the maintenance of the road infrastructure, review of common design patterns, digitalisation of road networks, and interdisciplinarity. The main contribution of this study is the provision of a clear and concise overview of the interaction between road infrastructure and ADS as well as the support of international activities to define the requirements of road infrastructure for the successful deployment of ADS
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