9,669 research outputs found
On spectral radii of unraveled balls
Given a graph , the unraveled ball of radius centered at a vertex
is the ball of radius centered at in the universal cover of . We
prove a lower bound on the maximum spectral radius of unraveled balls of fixed
radius, and we show, among other things, that if the average degree of
after deleting any ball of radius is at least then its second largest
eigenvalue is at least .Comment: 8 pages, accepted to J. Comb. Theory B, corrections suggested by the
referees have been incorporate
On the -spectral radius of graphs
For , Nikiforov proposed to study the spectral properties
of the family of matrices of a graph
, where is the degree diagonal matrix and is the adjacency
matrix. The -spectral radius of is the largest eigenvalue of
. We give upper bounds for -spectral radius for
unicyclic graphs with maximum degree , connected irregular
graphs with given maximum degree and and some other graph parameters, and
graphs with given domination number, respectively. We determine the unique tree
with second maximum -spectral radius among trees, and the unique tree
with maximum -spectral radius among trees with given diameter. For a
graph with two pendant paths at a vertex or at two adjacent vertex, we prove
results concerning the behavior of the -spectral radius under
relocation of a pendant edge in a pendant path. We also determine the unique
graphs such that the difference between the maximum degree and the
-spectral radius is maximum among trees, unicyclic graphs and
non-bipartite graphs, respectively
On the Spectral Gap of a Quantum Graph
We consider the problem of finding universal bounds of "isoperimetric" or
"isodiametric" type on the spectral gap of the Laplacian on a metric graph with
natural boundary conditions at the vertices, in terms of various analytical and
combinatorial properties of the graph: its total length, diameter, number of
vertices and number of edges. We investigate which combinations of parameters
are necessary to obtain non-trivial upper and lower bounds and obtain a number
of sharp estimates in terms of these parameters. We also show that, in contrast
to the Laplacian matrix on a combinatorial graph, no bound depending only on
the diameter is possible. As a special case of our results on metric graphs, we
deduce estimates for the normalised Laplacian matrix on combinatorial graphs
which, surprisingly, are sometimes sharper than the ones obtained by purely
combinatorial methods in the graph theoretical literature
The spectral radius and the maximum degree of irregular graphs
Let be an irregular graph on vertices with maximum degree
and diameter . We show that \Delta-\lambda_1>\frac{1}{nD} where
is the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of . We also study the
effect of adding or removing few edges on the spectral radius of a regular
graph.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, submitted to EJC on January 20, 200
Cutoff on Graphs and the Sarnak-Xue Density of Eigenvalues
It was recently shown by Lubetzky and Peres (2016) and by Sardari (2018) that
Ramanujan graphs, i.e., graphs with the optimal spectrum, exhibit cutoff of the
simple random walk in optimal time and have optimal almost-diameter. We prove
that this spectral condition can be replaced by a weaker condition, the
Sarnak-Xue density of eigenvalues property, to deduce similar results.
We show that a family of Schreier graphs of the
-action on the projective line satisfies the
Sarnak-Xue density condition, and hence exhibit the desired properties. To the
best of our knowledge, this is the first known example of optimal cutoff and
almost-diameter on an explicit family of graphs that are neither random nor
Ramanujan
Random spherical graphs
This work addresses a modification of the random geometric graph (RGG) model
by considering a set of points uniformly and independently distributed on the
surface of a -sphere with radius in a dimensional Euclidean
space, instead of on an unit hypercube . Then, two vertices are
connected by a link if their great circle distance is at most . In the case
of , the topological properties of the random spherical graphs (RSGs)
generated by this model are studied as a function of . We obtain analytical
expressions for the average degree, degree distribution, connectivity, average
path length, diameter and clustering coefficient for RSGs. By setting
, we also show the differences between the topological
properties of RSGs and those of two-dimensional RGGs and random rectangular
graphs (RRGs). Surprisingly, in terms of the average clustering coefficient,
RSGs look more similar to the analytical estimation for RGGs than RGGs
themselves, when their boundary effects are considered. We support all our
findings by computer simulations that corroborate the accuracy of the
theoretical models proposed for RSGs.Comment: 28 pages, 14 figure
Hitting and commute times in large graphs are often misleading
Next to the shortest path distance, the second most popular distance function
between vertices in a graph is the commute distance (resistance distance). For
two vertices u and v, the hitting time H_{uv} is the expected time it takes a
random walk to travel from u to v. The commute time is its symmetrized version
C_{uv} = H_{uv} + H_{vu}. In our paper we study the behavior of hitting times
and commute distances when the number n of vertices in the graph is very large.
We prove that as n converges to infinty, hitting times and commute distances
converge to expressions that do not take into account the global structure of
the graph at all. Namely, the hitting time H_{uv} converges to 1/d_v and the
commute time to 1/d_u + 1/d_v where d_u and d_v denote the degrees of vertices
u and v. In these cases, the hitting and commute times are misleading in the
sense that they do not provide information about the structure of the graph. We
focus on two major classes of random graphs: random geometric graphs (k-nearest
neighbor graphs, epsilon-graphs, Gaussian similarity graphs) and random graphs
with given expected degrees (in particular, Erdos-Renyi graphs with and without
planted partitions
Spectral Gap of Random Hyperbolic Graphs and Related Parameters
Random hyperbolic graphs have been suggested as a promising model of social
networks. A few of their fundamental parameters have been studied. However,
none of them concerns their spectra. We consider the random hyperbolic graph
model as formalized by [GPP12] and essentially determine the spectral gap of
their normalized Laplacian. Specifically, we establish that with high
probability the second smallest eigenvalue of the normalized Laplacian of the
giant component of and -vertex random hyperbolic graph is
, where is a model parameter and
is the network diameter (which is known to be at most polylogarithmic in
). We also show a matching (up to a polylogarithmic factor) upper bound of
. As a byproduct we conclude that the
conductance upper bound on the eigenvalue gap obtained via Cheeger's inequality
is essentially tight. We also provide a more detailed picture of the collection
of vertices on which the bound on the conductance is attained, in particular
showing that for all subsets whose volume is the
obtained conductance is with high probability
. Finally, we also show consequences
of our result for the minimum and maximum bisection of the giant component.Comment: 44 pages, 3 figure
The hydrogen identity for Laplacians
For any finite simple graph G, the hydrogen identity H=L-L^(-1) holds, where
H=(d+d^*)^2 is the sign-less Hodge Laplacian defined by sign-less incidence
matrix d and where L is the connection Laplacian. Any spectral information
about L directly leads to estimates for the Hodge Laplacian H=(d+d^*)^2 and
allows to estimate the spectrum of the Kirchhoff Laplacian H_0=d^* d. The
hydrogen identity implies that the random walk u(n) = L^n u with integer n
solves the one-dimensional Jacobi equation Delta u=H^2 with (Delta
u)(n)=u(n+2)-2 u(n)+u(n-2). Every solution is represented by such a reversible
path integral. Over a finite field, we get a reversible cellular automaton. By
taking products of complexes such processes can be defined over any lattice
Z^r. Since L^2 and L^(-2) are isospectral, by a theorem of Kirby, the matrix
L^2 is always similar to a symplectic matrix if the graph has an even number of
simplices. The hydrogen relation is robust: any Schr\"odinger operator K close
to H with the same support can still can be written as where both
L(x,y) and L^-1(x,y) are zero if x and y do not intersect.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figure
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