4,441 research outputs found
Fast high--voltage amplifiers for driving electro-optic modulators
We describe five high-voltage (60 to 550V peak to peak), high-speed (1-300ns
rise time; 1.3-300MHz bandwidth) linear amplifiers for driving capacitive or
resistive loads such as electro-optic modulators. The amplifiers use bipolar
transistors in various topologies. Two use electron tubes to overcome the speed
limitations of high-voltage semiconductors. All amplifiers have been built.
Measured performance data is given for each.Comment: 9pages, 6figures, 6tables, to appear in Review of Scientific
Instrument
A current-driven six-channel potentiostat for rapid performance characterization of microbial electrolysis cells
Knowledge of the performance of microbial electrolysis cells under a wide range of operating conditions is crucial to achieve high production efficiencies. Characterizing this performance in an experiment, however, is challenging due to either the long measurement times of steady-state procedures or the transient errors of dynamic procedures. Moreover, wide parallelization of the measurements is not feasible due to the high measurement equipment cost per channel. Hence, to speedup this characterization and to facilitate low-cost, yet widely parallel measurements, this paper presents a novel rapid polarization curve measurement procedure with a dynamic measurement resolution that runs on a custom six-channel potentiostat with a current-driven topology. As case study, the procedure is used to rapidly assess the impact of altering pH values on a microbial electrolysis cell that produces H-2. A - speedup could be obtained in comparison with the state-of-the-art, depending on the characterization resolution (16-128 levels). On top of this speedup, measurements can be parallelized up to on the presented, affordable-42-per-channel-potentiostat
Low-power, 10-Gbps 1.5-Vpp differential CMOS driver for a silicon electro-optic ring modulator
We present a novel driver circuit enabling electro-optic modulation with high extinction ratio from a co-designed silicon ring modulator. The driver circuit provides an asymmetric differential output at 10Gbps with a voltage swing up to 1.5V(pp) from a single 1.0V supply, maximizing the resonance-wavelength shift of depletion-type ring modulators while avoiding carrier injection. A test chip containing 4 reconfigurable driver circuits was fabricated in 40nm CMOS technology. The measured energy consumption for driving a 100fF capacitive load at 10Gbps was as low as 125fJ/bit and 220fJ/bit at 1V(pp) and 1.5V(pp) respectively. After flip-chip integration with ring modulators on a silicon-photonics chip, the power consumption was measured to be 210fJ/bit and 350fJ/bit respectively
Low-Power, High-Speed Transceivers for Network-on-Chip Communication
Networks on chips (NoCs) are becoming popular as they provide a solution for the interconnection problems on large integrated circuits (ICs). But even in a NoC, link-power can become unacceptably high and data rates are limited when conventional data transceivers are used. In this paper, we present a low-power, high-speed source-synchronous link transceiver which enables a factor 3.3 reduction in link power together with an 80% increase in data-rate. A low-swing capacitive pre-emphasis transmitter in combination with a double-tail sense-amplifier enable speeds in excess of 9 Gb/s over a 2 mm twisted differential interconnect, while consuming only 130 fJ/transition without the need for an additional supply. Multiple transceivers can be connected back-to-back to create a source-synchronous transceiver-chain with a wave-pipelined clock, operating with 6sigma offset reliability at 5 Gb/s
Developing a framework of non-fatal occupational injury surveillance for risk control in palm oil mills
Non-fatal occupational injury (NFOI) and its risk factors have become a current global
concern. The need of research towards the relationship between occupational injury
and its risk factor is essential, to fulfil the purpose and setting the priority of
implementing safety preventive approaches at workplace. This research intended to
develop a framework of NFOI surveillance by using epidemiological data, noise
exposure data and NFOI data among palm oil mills’ workers. A total of 420
respondents who assigned in operation and processing areas (OP) (n=333) and general
or office workers (n=87) had voluntary participated in this research. A questionnaire
session with respondents was held to obtain epidemiological data and NFOI
information via validated questionnaire. Noise hazard monitoring was executed by
using Sound Level Meter (SLM) for environmental noise monitoring and Personal
Sound Dosimeter for personal noise monitoring. Gathered data were analysed in
quantitative method by using statistical software IBM SPSS Statistic version 21 and a
risk matrix table for injury risk rating evaluation. It was discovered that high noise
exposure level (≥ 85 dB[A]) was significantly associated with non-fatal occupational
injury among OP workers (φ=0.123, p<0.05) with OR=1.87 (95% CI, 1.080-3.235,
p<0.05). Risk rating for reported NFOI was at moderate level, with minor cuts and
scratches were the dominant type of injury (42.6%). Analysis of logistic regression
indicated that working in shift, not wearing protective gloves, health problems such as
shortness of breath and ringing in ears, and excessive noise level (≥ 85 dB[A]) were
the risk factors of NFOI in palm oil mills among OP workers. A framework of nonfatal
injury surveillance in palm oil mills was developed based on the findings with
integration of risk management process and injury prevention principles. This
framework is anticipated to help the management in decision making for preventive
actions and early detection of occupational health effects among workers
A 90 nm CMOS 16 Gb/s Transceiver for Optical Interconnects
Interconnect architectures which leverage high-bandwidth optical channels offer a promising solution to address the increasing chip-to-chip I/O bandwidth demands. This paper describes a dense, high-speed, and low-power CMOS optical interconnect transceiver architecture. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) data rate is extended for a given average current and corresponding reliability level with a four-tap current summing FIR transmitter. A low-voltage integrating and double-sampling optical receiver front-end provides adequate sensitivity in a power efficient manner by avoiding linear high-gain elements common in conventional transimpedance-amplifier (TIA) receivers. Clock recovery is performed with a dual-loop architecture which employs baud-rate phase detection and feedback interpolation to achieve reduced power consumption, while high-precision phase spacing is ensured at both the transmitter and receiver through adjustable delay clock buffers. A prototype chip fabricated in 1 V 90 nm CMOS achieves 16 Gb/s operation while consuming 129 mW and occupying 0.105 mm^2
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