75 research outputs found

    A linguistically-motivated speaker recognition front-end through session variability compensated cepstral trajectories in phone units

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    Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. J. González-Rodríguez, J. González-Domínguez, J. Franco-Pedroso, D. Ramos, "A linguistically-motivated speaker recognition front-end through session variability compensated cepstral trajectories in phone units" in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Kyoto (Japan), 2012, 4389 - 4392In this paper a new linguistically-motivated front-end is presented showing major performance improvements from the use of session variability compensated cepstral trajectories in phone units. Extending our recent work on temporal contours in linguistic units (TCLU), we have combined the potential of those unit-dependent trajectories with the ability of feature domain factor analysis techniques to compensate session variability effects, which has resulted in consistent and discriminant phone-dependent trajectories across different recording sessions. Evaluating with NIST SRE04 English-only 1s1s task, we report EERs as low as 5.40% from the trajectories in a single phone, with 29 different phones producing each of them EERs smaller than 10%, and additionally showing an excellent calibration performance per unit. The combination of different units shows significant complementarity reporting EERs as 1.63% (100×DCF=0.732) from a simple sum fusion of 23 best phones, or 0.68% (100×DCF=0.304) when fusing them through logistic regression.Supported by MEC grant PR-2010-123, MICINN project TEC09-14179, ForBayes project CCG10-UAM/TIC-5792 and Cátedra UAM-Telefónica

    Articulatory features for conversational speech recognition

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    Session varaibility compensation in automatic speaker and language recognition

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    Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Escuela Politécnica Superior, octubre de 201

    Information density and phonetic structure: Explaining segmental variability

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    There is growing evidence that information-theoretic principles influence linguistic structures. Regarding speech several studies have found that phonetic structures lengthen in duration and strengthen in their spectral features when they are difficult to predict from their context, whereas easily predictable phonetic structures are shortened and reduced spectrally. Most of this evidence comes from studies on American English, only some studies have shown similar tendencies in Dutch, Finnish, or Russian. In this context, the Smooth Signal Redundancy hypothesis (Aylett and Turk 2004, Aylett and Turk 2006) emerged claiming that the effect of information-theoretic factors on the segmental structure is moderated through the prosodic structure. In this thesis, we investigate the impact and interaction of information density and prosodic structure on segmental variability in production analyses, mainly based on German read speech, and also listeners' perception of differences in phonetic detail caused by predictability effects. Information density (ID) is defined as contextual predictability or surprisal (S(unit_i) = -log2 P(unit_i|context)) and estimated from language models based on large text corpora. In addition to surprisal, we include word frequency, and prosodic factors, such as primary lexical stress, prosodic boundary, and articulation rate, as predictors of segmental variability in our statistical analysis. As acoustic-phonetic measures, we investigate segment duration and deletion, voice onset time (VOT), vowel dispersion, global spectral characteristics of vowels, dynamic formant measures and voice quality metrics. Vowel dispersion is analyzed in the context of German learners' speech and in a cross-linguistic study. As results, we replicate previous findings of reduced segment duration (and VOT), higher likelihood to delete, and less vowel dispersion for easily predictable segments. Easily predictable German vowels have less formant change in their vowel section length (VSL), F1 slope and velocity, are less curved in their F2, and show increased breathiness values in cepstral peak prominence (smoothed) than vowels that are difficult to predict from their context. Results for word frequency show similar tendencies: German segments in high-frequency words are shorter, more likely to delete, less dispersed, and show less magnitude in formant change, less F2 curvature, as well as less harmonic richness in open quotient smoothed than German segments in low-frequency words. These effects are found even though we control for the expected and much more effective effects of stress, boundary, and speech rate. In the cross-linguistic analysis of vowel dispersion, the effect of ID is robust across almost all of the six languages and the three intended speech rates. Surprisal does not affect vowel dispersion of non-native German speakers. Surprisal and prosodic factors interact in explaining segmental variability. Especially, stress and surprisal complement each other in their positive effect on segment duration, vowel dispersion and magnitude in formant change. Regarding perception we observe that listeners are sensitive to differences in phonetic detail stemming from high and low surprisal contexts for the same lexical target.Informationstheoretische Faktoren beeinflussen die Variabilität gesprochener Sprache. Phonetische Strukturen sind länger und zeigen erhöhte spektrale Distinktivität, wenn sie aufgrund ihres Kontextes leicht vorhersagbar sind als Strukturen, die schwer vorhersagbar sind. Die meisten Studien beruhen auf Daten aus dem amerikanischen Englisch. Nur wenige betonen die Notwendigkeit für mehr sprachliche Diversität. Als Resultat dieser Erkenntnisse haben Aylett und Turk (2004, 2006) die Smooth Signal Redundancy Hypothese aufgestellt, die besagt, dass der Effekt von Vorhersagbarkeit auf phonetische Strukturen nicht direkt, sondern nur die prosodische Struktur umgesetzt wird. In dieser Arbeit werden der Einfluss und die Interaktion von Informationsdichte und prosodischen Strukturen auf segmentelle Variabilität im Deutschen sowie die Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit von Unterschieden im phonetischen Detail aufgrund ihrer Vorhersagbarkeit untersucht. Informationsdichte (ID) wird definiert als kontextuelle Vorhersagbarkeit oder Surprisal (S(unit_i) = -log2 P(unit_i|context)). Zusätzlich zu Surprisal verwenden wir auch Wortfrequenz und prosodische Faktoren, wie primäre Wortbetonung, prosodische Grenze und Sprechgeschwindigkeit als Variablen in der statistischen Analyse. Akustisch-phonetische Maße sind Segmentlänge und -löschung, voice onset time (VOT), Vokaldispersion, globale und dynamische vokalische Eigenschaften und Stimmqualität. Vokaldispersion wird nicht nur im Deutschen, sondern auch in einer sprachübergreifenden Analyse und im Kontext von L2 untersucht. Wir können vorherige Ergebnisse, die auf dem Amerikanischen beruhten, für das Deutsche replizieren. Reduzierte Segmentlänge und VOT, höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit der Löschung und geringere Vokaldispersion werden auch für leicht vorhersagbare Segmente im Deutschen beobachtet. Diese zeigen auch weniger Formantenbewegung, reduzierte Kurvigkeit in F2 sowie erhöhte Behauchtheitswerte als Vokale, die schwer vorhersagbar sind. Die Ergebnisse für Wortfrequenz zeigen ähnliche Tendenzen: Deutsche Segmente in hochfrequenten Wörtern sind kürzer, werden eher gelöscht, zeigen reduzierte Werte für Vokaldispersion, Formantenbewegungen und Periodizität als deutsche Segmente in Wörtern mit geringer Frequenz. Obwohl wir bekannte Effekte für Betonung, Grenze und Tempo auf segmentelle Variabilität in den Modellen beobachten, sind die Effekte von ID signifikant. Die sprachübergreifende Analyse zeigt zudem, dass diese Effekte auch robust für die meisten der untersuchten Sprachen sind und sich in allen intendierten Sprechgeschwindigkeiten zeigen. Surprisal hat allerdings keinen Einfluss auf die Vokaldispersion von Sprachlernern. Des weiteren finden wir Interaktionseffekte zwischen Surprisal und den prosodischen Faktoren. Besonders für Wortbetonung lässt sich ein stabiler positiver Interaktionseffekt mit Surprisal feststellen. In der Perzeption sind Hörer durchaus in der Lage, Unterschiede zwischen manipulierten und nicht manipulierten Stimuli zu erkennen, wenn die Manipulation lediglich im phonetischen Detail des Zielwortes aufgrund von Vorhersagbarkeit besteht

    Models and analysis of vocal emissions for biomedical applications: 5th International Workshop: December 13-15, 2007, Firenze, Italy

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    The MAVEBA Workshop proceedings, held on a biannual basis, collect the scientific papers presented both as oral and poster contributions, during the conference. The main subjects are: development of theoretical and mechanical models as an aid to the study of main phonatory dysfunctions, as well as the biomedical engineering methods for the analysis of voice signals and images, as a support to clinical diagnosis and classification of vocal pathologies. The Workshop has the sponsorship of: Ente Cassa Risparmio di Firenze, COST Action 2103, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control Journal (Elsevier Eds.), IEEE Biomedical Engineering Soc. Special Issues of International Journals have been, and will be, published, collecting selected papers from the conference

    On the design of visual feedback for the rehabilitation of hearing-impaired speech

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