2,599 research outputs found
Towards fully-automated code compliance checking of building regulations: challenges for rule interpretation and representation
Before the building design is finalised, it needs to be
checked against regulations. Traditionally, manual
compliance checking is error-prone and time-consuming.
As a solution, automatic compliance checking (ACC) was
proposed. Many studies have focused on the crucial ACC
rule interpretation process, yet no research has
synthesised the themes and identified future research
opportunities. This paper thus aims to fill this gap by
conducting a systematic literature review and identifying
challenges facing this field. Findings revealed that the
representation development process lacks a
methodological backdrop. Understandings of rules,
representations, and relationships between them are
insufficient. Potential solutions were proposed to address
these challenges
A multi-representation method of building rules for automatic code compliance checking
In the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, design review is an important
step that often leads to project delays, as the typical manual compliance checking process is error-prone and
time-consuming. As an approach to accelerate this process and achieve a better quality of design, automatic
compliance checking (ACC) has been researched for several decades. Rule interpretation and representation is
a bottleneck of ACC. It focuses on the interpretation of regulations and the representation of them in a suitable
computer-readable form. Despite extensive research efforts, a rule representation method that is suitable to
represent all types of rules has yet to be proposed. To address this issue, this research proposed a multi-representation method that provides a āmix and matchā for different representations and different types of rules,
thereby representing all types of rules with suitable representations. This research is valuable to both academia
and industry as it enables the representation of rules with less knowledge loss and more accuracy
Interoperability for the design and construction industry through semantic web technology
The domain of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) has experienced significant improvements with the advent of building information modelling (BIM) applications, which allow AEC specialists to model all information concerning a building design into one three-dimensional building model. Much of these improvements are however generated by the mere availability of such an environment, whereas many more improvements were expected by achieving an appropriate interoperability of information. We are investigating why such an interoperability is not reached fully and consider the semantic web as an alternative approach to reach the targeted interoperability. In this paper, an AEC description framework based on semantic web technology is presented and compared to the BIM approach, after which we indicate how it might solve the issue of interoperability more appropriately. Our evaluation of this investigation indicates the semantic web approach as a valid alternative approach, although considerably more research is needed to show it capable of providing the targeted interoperability of information in the AEC domain
The Automation of BIM for Compliance Checking: a Visual Programming Approach
A study by FIATECH confirmed that human interpretation causes inconsistencies in applying building compliance & regulations (Solihin & Eastman, 2015). Producing, updating and quality assuring such processes is inconsistent and unreliable (Preidel & Borrmann, 2016). A barrier to interpretation of building regulations is that software is designed by developers that are separate to local authorities (Solihin & Eastman, 2015). The current literature suggests Singapore, Norway, USA & Australia have all implemented BIM automation systems for building regulations. This study reviews current automation systems and based on this proposes a system of creating a checking system is efficient in the control of professionals skilled with local authority and building regulation knowledge. Dynamo visual programming software is selected as the software to assist the automation due to the open source availability and widespread adoption in the BIM field. A methodology of Design Science is applied to diagnose the problem of manual checking through review of the current literature (Kehily & Underwood, 2015). An automation solution is proposed and evaluated in a design office. Architectural professionals provide feedback of the implemented solution and this feedback is applied iteratively to a second automation solution, where feedback is also obtained from users to further improve the solution. Results show a change in workflow and an improvement of traditional compliance checking. The study concludes by proposing a similar BIM automation approach could be applied in local government, within the Irish Planning and Building Control (BCAR) system
Supporting decision-making in the building life-cycle using linked building data
The interoperability challenge is a long-standing challenge in the domain of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC). Diverse approaches have already been presented for addressing this challenge. This article will look into the possibility of addressing the interoperability challenge in the building life-cycle with a linked data approach. An outline is given of how linked data technologies tend to be deployed, thereby working towards a āmore holisticā perspective on the building, or towards a large-scale web of ālinked building dataā. From this overview, and the associated use case scenarios, we conclude that the interoperability challenge cannot be āsolvedā using linked data technologies, but that it can be addressed. In other words, information exchange and management can be improved, but a pragmatic usage of technologies is still required in practice. Finally, we give an initial outline of some anticipated use cases in the building life-cycle in which the usage of linked data technologies may generate advantages over existing technologies and methods
Capabilities of rule representations for automated compliance checking in healthcare buildings
A suitable rule representation is essential to enable automated compliance checking of building design. It encapsulates engineering knowledge and facilitates an adequate interpretation of design standards. However, existing methods have achieved limited capabilities to represent rules for automated compliance checking. Thus, they merely worked for limited types of rules. This paper aims to identify capabilities needed for rule representation by using healthcare design regulations as an example. It can serve as a foundation for developing rule engines and compliance-checking systems in the future. A four-step process was used to systematically analyse six healthcare building regulations in rule-oriented and implementation aspects. The results showed 18 capabilities for healthcare rule representation, where 16 are required, and two are desirable. This research is valuable to researchers and practitioners by providing a checklist for future representation development and criteria for assessing rule representation methods
BIM for infrastructure: An overall review and constructor perspective
The subject of building information modelling (BIM) has become a central topic to the improvement of the
AECOO (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner and Operator) industry around the world, to the point
where the concept is being expanded into domains it was not originally conceived to address. Transitioning
BIMinto the domain of infrastructure projects has provided challenges and emphasized the constructor perspective
of BIM. Therefore, this study aims to collect the relevant literature regarding BIM within the Infrastructure
domain and its use from the constructor perspective to review and analyse the current industry positioning
and research state of the art, with regards to the set criteria. The review highlighted a developing base of BIM
for infrastructure. Fromthe analysis, the related research gapswere identified regarding information integration,
alignment of BIM processes to constructor business processes & the effective governance and value of information.
From this a unique research strategy utilising a framework for information governance coupled with a
graph based distributed data environment is outlined to further progress the integration and efficiency of
AECOO Infrastructure projects
Automatic rule verification for digital building permits
DissertaĆ§Ć£o de mestrado em ModelaĆ§Ć£o de InformaĆ§Ć£o na ConstruĆ§Ć£o de EdifĆcios BIM A+O sector da construĆ§Ć£o estĆ” a enfrentar grandes mudanƧas nas exigĆŖncias do cliente e do mercado,
empurrando para a transformaĆ§Ć£o digital e para uma indĆŗstria orientada para os dados. Os governos
tomaram parte ativa nesta mudanƧa, apoiando a digitalizaĆ§Ć£o de processos como o das licenƧas de
construĆ§Ć£o, introduzindo a utilizaĆ§Ć£o de modelos de informaĆ§Ć£o de construĆ§Ć£o (BIM). A investigaĆ§Ć£o
sobre a digitalizaĆ§Ć£o do licenciamento municipal de construƧƵes mostrou grandes avanƧos no que diz
respeito Ć extraĆ§Ć£o de regras de forma interpretĆ”vel e Ć automatizaĆ§Ć£o de verificaƧƵes; contudo, a
conciliaĆ§Ć£o entre as definiƧƵes semĆ¢nticas do modelo de construĆ§Ć£o e os conceitos definidos nos
regulamentos estĆ” ainda em discussĆ£o. AlĆ©m disso, a validaĆ§Ć£o da acuidade das informaƧƵes incluĆdas
nos modelos de construĆ§Ć£o relativamente Ć s definiƧƵes do regulamento Ć© importante para garantir a
qualidade ao longo do processo de licenƧa de construĆ§Ć£o.
Esta dissertaĆ§Ć£o visa propor um fluxo de trabalho hĆbrido para verificar a informaĆ§Ć£o extraĆda
explicitamente do modelo BIM e a informaĆ§Ć£o implicitamente derivada das relaƧƵes entre elementos,
seguindo as disposiƧƵes contidas nos regulamentos no contexto de Portugal. Com base em alguma
revisĆ£o de literatura, foi proposto um novo processo, e foi desenvolvido um cĆ³digo Python utilizando a
biblioteca IfcOpenshell para apoiar a automatizaĆ§Ć£o do processo de verificaĆ§Ć£o, tradicionalmente
realizada por tƩcnicos nos gabinetes de licenciamento municipal. Os elementos desenvolvidos neste
documento foram comprovados num estudo de caso, demonstrando que a validaĆ§Ć£o hĆbrida pode ajudar
a detetar erros de modelaĆ§Ć£o e melhorar a acuidade da informaĆ§Ć£o durante a apresentaĆ§Ć£o inicial de
modelos para um processo de licenƧa de construĆ§Ć£o.
Os resultados indicam que a inclusĆ£o de uma validaĆ§Ć£o automĆ”tica do modelo contra definiƧƵes
regulamentares pode ser introduzida para melhorar o grau de certeza da qualidade da informaĆ§Ć£o contida
no Modelo de InformaĆ§Ć£o, alĆ©m disso, a proposta de mĆ©todos que produzem resultados a partir de
informaĆ§Ć£o implĆcita pode alargar as capacidades do esquema IFC. Contudo, os esquemas
desenvolvidos neste trabalho estĆ£o ainda em constante revisĆ£o e desenvolvimento e tĆŖm limitaƧƵes de
aplicabilidade em relaĆ§Ć£o a certas classes do IFC.The construction sector is facing major changes in the client and market requirements, pushing towards
the digital transformation and a data driven industry. Governments have taken an active part in this
change by supporting the digitalization of processes such as the one for building permits by introducing
the use of building information models (BIM). The research on the digitalization of the building permit
has shown great advancements in regarding the rule extraction in interpretable ways and the automation
of the verification; however, the conciliation between the building model semantic definitions and the
concepts defined in the regulations is still in discussion. Moreover, the validation of the correctness of
the information included in building models regarding the regulation definitions is important to
guarantee the quality along the digital building permit process.
This dissertation aims to propose a hybrid workflow to check the information extracted explicitly from
the BIM model and the information implicitly derived from relationships between elements by following
the provisions contained in the regulations in the context of Portugal. Based on some context and
literature review, a process reengineering was proposed, and a Python code was developed using the
IfcOpenShell library to support the automation of the verification process, traditionally carried out by
technicians in the building permit offices. The elements developed in this document were proven in a
case-study, demonstrating that the hybrid validation can help to detect modelling errors and improve the
certainty of correctness of information during the initial submission of models for a building permit
process.
The results indicate that the inclusion of an automated validation of the model against regulation
definitions can be introduced to improve the degree of certainty of the quality of the information
contained in the Building Information Model, moreover the proposal of methods that produce results
from implicit information can extend the capabilities of the IFC schema. However, the scripts developed
in this work are still under constant review and development and have limitations of applicability in
relation to certain IFC classes.Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree Programme ā ERASMUS
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