Data compression techniques applied to high resolution high frame rate video technology

An investigation is presented of video data compression applied to microgravity space experiments using High Resolution High Frame Rate Video Technology (HHVT). An extensive survey of methods of video data compression, described in the open literature, was conducted. The survey examines compression methods employing digital computing. The results of the survey are presented. They include a description of each method and assessment of image degradation and video data parameters. An assessment is made of present and near term future technology for implementation of video data compression in high speed imaging system. Results of the assessment are discussed and summarized. The results of a study of a baseline HHVT video system, and approaches for implementation of video data compression, are presented. Case studies of three microgravity experiments are presented and specific compression techniques and implementations are recommended

A perceptual hash function to store and retrieve large scale DNA sequences

This paper proposes a novel approach for storing and retrieving massive DNA sequences.. The method is based on a perceptual hash function, commonly used to determine the similarity between digital images, that we adapted for DNA sequences. Perceptual hash function presented here is based on a Discrete Cosine Transform Sign Only (DCT-SO). Each nucleotide is encoded as a fixed gray level intensity pixel and the hash is calculated from its significant frequency characteristics. This results to a drastic data reduction between the sequence and the perceptual hash. Unlike cryptographic hash functions, perceptual hashes are not affected by "avalanche effect" and thus can be compared. The similarity distance between two hashes is estimated with the Hamming Distance, which is used to retrieve DNA sequences. Experiments that we conducted show that our approach is relevant for storing massive DNA sequences, and retrieving them

Comparative Analysis of Techniques Used to Detect Copy-Move Tampering for Real-World Electronic Images

Evolution of high computational powerful computers, easy availability of several innovative editing software package and high-definition quality-based image capturing tools follows to effortless result in producing image forgery. Though, threats for security and misinterpretation of digital images and scenes have been observed to be happened since a long period and also a lot of research has been established in developing diverse techniques to authenticate the digital images. On the contrary, the research in this region is not limited to checking the validity of digital photos but also to exploring the specific signs of distortion or forgery. This analysis would not require additional prior information of intrinsic content of corresponding digital image or prior embedding of watermarks. In this paper, recent growth in the area of digital image tampering identification have been discussed along with benchmarking study has been shown with qualitative and quantitative results. With variety of methodologies and concepts, different applications of forgery detection have been discussed with corresponding outcomes especially using machine and deep learning methods in order to develop efficient automated forgery detection system. The future applications and development of advanced soft-computing based techniques in digital image forgery tampering has been discussed

Comparative Analysis of Techniques Used to Detect Copy-Move Tampering for Real-World Electronic Images

Evolution of high computational powerful computers, easy availability of several innovative editing software package and high-definition quality-based image capturing tools follows to effortless result in producing image forgery. Though, threats for security and misinterpretation of digital images and scenes have been observed to be happened since a long period and also a lot of research has been established in developing diverse techniques to authenticate the digital images. On the contrary, the research in this region is not limited to checking the validity of digital photos but also to exploring the specific signs of distortion or forgery. This analysis would not require additional prior information of intrinsic content of corresponding digital image or prior embedding of watermarks. In this paper, recent growth in the area of digital image tampering identification have been discussed along with benchmarking study has been shown with qualitative and quantitative results. With variety of methodologies and concepts, different applications of forgery detection have been discussed with corresponding outcomes especially using machine and deep learning methods in order to develop efficient automated forgery detection system. The future applications and development of advanced soft-computing based techniques in digital image forgery tampering has been discussed

CONTENT-BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING ENHANCED HYBRID METHODS WITH COLOR AND TEXTURE FEATURES

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) automatically retrieves similar images to the query image by using the visual contents (features) of the image like color, texture and shape. Effective CBIR is based on efficient feature extraction for indexing and on effective query image matching with the indexed images for retrieval. However the main issue in CBIR is that how to extract the features efficiently because the efficient features describe well the image and they are used efficiently in matching of the images to get robust retrieval. This issue is the main inspiration for this thesis to develop a hybrid CBIR with high performance in the spatial and frequency domains. We propose various approaches, in which different techniques are fused to extract the statistical color and texture features efficiently in both domains. In spatial domain, the statistical color histogram features are computed using the pixel distribution of the Laplacian filtered sharpened images based on the different quantization schemes. However color histogram does not provide the spatial information. The solution is by using the histogram refinement method in which the statistical features of the regions in histogram bins of the filtered image are extracted but it leads to high computational cost, which is reduced by dividing the image into the sub-blocks of different sizes, to extract the color and texture features. To improve further the performance, color and texture features are combined using sub-blocks due to the less computational cos

Combined Source and Channel Strategies for Optimized Video Communications

ISBN 978-953-7619-70-

Méthodes hybrides pour la compression d'image

Abstract : The storage and transmission of images is the basis of digital electronic communication. In order to communicate a maximum amount of information in a given period of time, one needs to look for efficient ways to represent the information communicated. Designing optimal representations is the subject of data compression. In this work, the compression methods consist of two steps in general, which are encoding and decoding. During encoding, one expresses the image by less data than the original and stores the data information; during decoding, one decodes the compressed data to show the decompressed image. In Chapter 1, we review some basic compression methods which are important in understanding the concepts of encoding and information theory as tools to build compression models and measure their efficiency. Further on, we focus on transform methods for compression, particularly we discuss in details Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). We also analyse the hybrid method which combines DCT and DWT together to compress image data. For the sake of comparison, we discuss another total different method which is fractal image compression that compresses image data by taking advantage of self-similarity of images. We propose the hybrid method of fractal image compression and DCT based on their characteristic. Several experimental results are provided to show the outcome of the comparison between the discussed methods. This allows us to conclude that the hybrid method performs more efficiently and offers a relatively good quality of compressed image than some particular methods, but also there is some improvement can be made in the future.Le stockage et la transmission d'images sont à la base de la communication électronique numérique. Afin de communiquer un maximum d'informations dans un laps de temps donné, il faut rechercher des moyens efficaces de représenter les informations communiquées. L'objectif de base de la compression de données est la conception d'algorithmes qui permettent des représentations optimales des données. Dans ce travail, les méthodes de compression consistent en deux étapes en général, qui sont l'encodage et le décodage. Lors du codage, on exprime l'image par moins de données que l'image originale et stocke les informations obtenues; lors du décodage, on décode les données compressées pour montrer l'image décompressée. Dans le chapitre 1, nous passons en revue quelques méthodes de compression de base qui sont importantes pour comprendre les concepts d'encodage et de théorie de l'information en tant qu'outils pour construire des modèles de compression et mesurer leur efficacité. Plus loin, nous nous concentrons sur les méthodes de transformation pour la compression, en particulier nous discutons en détail des méthodes de transformée en cosinus discrète (DCT) et Transformée en ondelettes discrète (DWT). Nous analysons également la méthode hybride qui combine DCT et DWT pour compresser les données d'image. À des fins de comparaison, nous discutons d'une autre méthode totalement différente qui est la compression d'image fractale qui comprime les données d'image en tirant partie de l'autosimilarité des images. Nous proposons la méthode hybride de compression d'image fractale et DCT en fonction de leurs caractéristiques. Plusieurs résultats expérimentaux sont fournis pour montrer le résultat de la comparaison entre les méthodes discutées. Cela nous permet de conclure que la méthode hybride fonctionne plus efficacement et offre une qualité d'image compressée relativement meilleure que certaines méthodes, mais il y a aussi des améliorations qui peuvent être apportées à l'avenir

Towards visualization and searching :a dual-purpose video coding approach

In modern video applications, the role of the decoded video is much more than filling a screen for visualization. To offer powerful video-enabled applications, it is increasingly critical not only to visualize the decoded video but also to provide efficient searching capabilities for similar content. Video surveillance and personal communication applications are critical examples of these dual visualization and searching requirements. However, current video coding solutions are strongly biased towards the visualization needs. In this context, the goal of this work is to propose a dual-purpose video coding solution targeting both visualization and searching needs by adopting a hybrid coding framework where the usual pixel-based coding approach is combined with a novel feature-based coding approach. In this novel dual-purpose video coding solution, some frames are coded using a set of keypoint matches, which not only allow decoding for visualization, but also provide the decoder valuable feature-related information, extracted at the encoder from the original frames, instrumental for efficient searching. The proposed solution is based on a flexible joint Lagrangian optimization framework where pixel-based and feature-based processing are combined to find the most appropriate trade-off between the visualization and searching performances. Extensive experimental results for the assessment of the proposed dual-purpose video coding solution under meaningful test conditions are presented. The results show the flexibility of the proposed coding solution to achieve different optimization trade-offs, notably competitive performance regarding the state-of-the-art HEVC standard both in terms of visualization and searching performance.Em modernas aplicações de vídeo, o papel do vídeo decodificado é muito mais que simplesmente preencher uma tela para visualização. Para oferecer aplicações mais poderosas por meio de sinais de vídeo,é cada vez mais crítico não apenas considerar a qualidade do conteúdo objetivando sua visualização, mas também possibilitar meios de realizar busca por conteúdos semelhantes. Requisitos de visualização e de busca são considerados, por exemplo, em modernas aplicações de vídeo vigilância e comunicações pessoais. No entanto, as atuais soluções de codificação de vídeo são fortemente voltadas aos requisitos de visualização. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma solução de codificação de vídeo de propósito duplo, objetivando tanto requisitos de visualização quanto de busca. Para isso, é proposto um arcabouço de codificação em que a abordagem usual de codificação de pixels é combinada com uma nova abordagem de codificação baseada em features visuais. Nessa solução, alguns quadros são codificados usando um conjunto de pares de keypoints casados, possibilitando não apenas visualização, mas também provendo ao decodificador valiosas informações de features visuais, extraídas no codificador a partir do conteúdo original, que são instrumentais em aplicações de busca. A solução proposta emprega um esquema flexível de otimização Lagrangiana onde o processamento baseado em pixel é combinado com o processamento baseado em features visuais objetivando encontrar um compromisso adequado entre os desempenhos de visualização e de busca. Os resultados experimentais mostram a flexibilidade da solução proposta em alcançar diferentes compromissos de otimização, nomeadamente desempenho competitivo em relação ao padrão HEVC tanto em termos de visualização quanto de busca