Multilevel Thresholding of Brain Tumor MRI Images: Patch-Levy Bees Algorithm versus Harmony Search Algorithm

Image segmentation of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role among radiologists in terms of diagnosing brain disease. Parts of the brain such as white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluids (CFS), have to be clearly determined by the radiologist during the process of brain abnormalities detection. Manual segmentation is grueling and may be prone to error, which can in turn affect the result of the diagnosis. Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms such as Harmony Search (HS), which was successfully applied in multilevel thresholding for brain tumor segmentation instead of the Patch-Levy Bees algorithm (PLBA). Even though the PLBA is one powerful multilevel thresholding, it has not been applied to brain tumor segmentation. This paper focuses on a comparative study of the PLBA and HS for brain tumor segmentation. The test dataset consisting of nine images was collected from the Tuanku Muhriz UKM Hospital (HCTM). As for the result, it shows that the PLBA has significantly outperformed HS. The performance of both algorithms is evaluated in terms of solution quality and stability

Current Studies and Applications of Krill Herd and Gravitational Search Algorithms in Healthcare

Nature-Inspired Computing or NIC for short is a relatively young field that tries to discover fresh methods of computing by researching how natural phenomena function to find solutions to complicated issues in many contexts. As a consequence of this, ground-breaking research has been conducted in a variety of domains, including synthetic immune functions, neural networks, the intelligence of swarm, as well as computing of evolutionary. In the domains of biology, physics, engineering, economics, and management, NIC techniques are used. In real-world classification, optimization, forecasting, and clustering, as well as engineering and science issues, meta-heuristics algorithms are successful, efficient, and resilient. There are two active NIC patterns: the gravitational search algorithm and the Krill herd algorithm. The study on using the Krill Herd Algorithm (KH) and the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) in medicine and healthcare is given a worldwide and historical review in this publication. Comprehensive surveys have been conducted on some other nature-inspired algorithms, including KH and GSA. The various versions of the KH and GSA algorithms and their applications in healthcare are thoroughly reviewed in the present article. Nonetheless, no survey research on KH and GSA in the healthcare field has been undertaken. As a result, this work conducts a thorough review of KH and GSA to assist researchers in using them in diverse domains or hybridizing them with other popular algorithms. It also provides an in-depth examination of the KH and GSA in terms of application, modification, and hybridization. It is important to note that the goal of the study is to offer a viewpoint on GSA with KH, particularly for academics interested in investigating the capabilities and performance of the algorithm in the healthcare and medical domains.Comment: 35 page

Hybrid Multilevel Thresholding and Improved Harmony Search Algorithm for Segmentation

This paper proposes a new method for image segmentation is hybrid multilevel thresholding and improved harmony search algorithm. Improved harmony search algorithm which is a method for finding vector solutions by increasing its accuracy. The proposed method looks for a random candidate solution, then its quality is evaluated through the Otsu objective function. Furthermore, the operator continues to evolve the solution candidate circuit until the optimal solution is found. The dataset used in this study is the retina dataset, tongue, lenna, baboon, and cameraman. The experimental results show that this method produces the high performance as seen from peak signal-to-noise ratio analysis (PNSR). The PNSR result for retinal image averaged 40.342 dB while for the average tongue image 35.340 dB. For lenna, baboon and cameramen produce an average of 33.781 dB, 33.499 dB, and 34.869 dB. Furthermore, the process of object recognition and identification is expected to use this method to produce a high degree of accuracy

Brain Tumor Detection Using MRI Images

When abnormal cells develop within the brain, a tumor is formed. Early tumor detection improves the likelihood of a patient\u27s recovery. Compared to CT scan pictures, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a trustworthy method for finding malignancies. In this project, we will use deep learning methods to detect tumors faster with higher accuracy using MRI images. Specifically, we will investigate the performance of transfer learning models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) structures on the tumor detection problem. A machine learning approach called transfer learning uses a model already trained for the present task. The advantage of this technique is that we do not need to train the model from scratch, which will save time and increase accuracy. With the help of the Visual Geometry Group (VGG 16), Inception V3, and Resnet 50, this study attempts to identify brain tumors. It also uses a methodical approach for hyperparameter tuning to improve the trained models\u27 accuracy. The main objective is to develop a practical approach for detecting brain tumors using MRIs to make quick, efficient, and precise decisions regarding the patients\u27 conditions. Our suggested methodology is evaluated on the Kaggle dataset, taken from BRATS 2015 for brain tumor diagnosis using MRI images, including 3700 MRI brain images, with 3300 showing tumors. The simulation results show that training the deep learning models could achieve an accuracy of 96.0% for VGG-16, 94% for Resnet50, and 90.7% for the InceptionV3 model. In order to improve the accuracy even further, Bayesian Optimization is leveraged as a hyperparameter tuning technique to obtain the best set of parameters. We could achieve the accuracy of 97.5% for VGG-16, 95% for Resnet50, and 91.5% for InceptionV3

Harmony Search-Based Fuzzy Clustering Algorithms For Image Segmentation

Fuzzy clustering algorithms, which fall under unsupervised machine learning, are among the most successful methods for image segmentation. However, two main issues plague these clustering algorithms: initialization sensitivity of cluster centers and unknown number of actual clusters in the given dataset. This thesis aims to solve these problems using an efficient metaheuristic algorithm, known as the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm. First, two alternative HS-based fuzzy clustering methods are proposed. The aim of these methods is to overcome the limitation faced by conventional fuzzy clustering algorithms, which are known to provide sub-optimal clustering depending on the choice of the initial clusters. Second, a new dynamic HS-based fuzzy clustering algorithm (DCHS) is proposed to automatically estimate the appropriate number of clusters as well as a good fuzzy partitioning of the given dataset. These algorithms have been applied to the problem of image segmentation. Various images from different application domains, including synthetic and real-world images, have been used in this thesis to show the applicability of the proposed algorithms. Finally, the proposed DCHS algorithm is applied to two real-world medical image problems, namely, malignant bone tumour (osteosarcoma) and magnetic resonance imaging brain segmentation. The experimental results are very promising showing significant improvements compared to other approaches in the same domain

Colorization and Automated Segmentation of Human T2 MR Brain Images for Characterization of Soft Tissues

Characterization of tissues like brain by using magnetic resonance (MR) images and colorization of the gray scale image has been reported in the literature, along with the advantages and drawbacks. Here, we present two independent methods; (i) a novel colorization method to underscore the variability in brain MR images, indicative of the underlying physical density of bio tissue, (ii) a segmentation method (both hard and soft segmentation) to characterize gray brain MR images. The segmented images are then transformed into color using the above-mentioned colorization method, yielding promising results for manual tracing. Our color transformation incorporates the voxel classification by matching the luminance of voxels of the source MR image and provided color image by measuring the distance between them. The segmentation method is based on single-phase clustering for 2D and 3D image segmentation with a new auto centroid selection method, which divides the image into three distinct regions (gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using prior anatomical knowledge). Results have been successfully validated on human T2-weighted (T2) brain MR images. The proposed method can be potentially applied to gray-scale images from other imaging modalities, in bringing out additional diagnostic tissue information contained in the colorized image processing approach as described

Image multi-level-thresholding with Mayfly optimization

Image thresholding is a well approved pre-processing methodology and enhancing the image information based on a chosen threshold is always preferred. This research implements the mayfly optimization algorithm (MOA) based image multi-level-thresholding on a class of benchmark images of dimension 512x512x1. The MOA is a novel methodology with the algorithm phases, such as; i) Initialization, ii) Exploration with male-mayfly (MM), iii) Exploration with female-mayfly (FM), iv) Offspring generation and, v) Termination. This algorithm implements a strict two-step search procedure, in which every Mayfly is forced to attain the global best solution. The proposed research considers the threshold value from 2 to 5 and the superiority of the result is confirmed by computing the essential Image quality measures (IQM). The performance of MOA is also compared and validated against the other procedures, such as particle-swarm-optimization (PSO), bacterial foraging optimization(BFO), firefly-algorithm(FA), bat algorithm (BA), cuckoo search(CS) and moth-flame optimization (MFO) and the attained p-value of Wilcoxon rank test confirmed the superiority of the MOA compared with other algorithms considered in this wor