184 research outputs found
Novel active function blocks and their applications in frequency filters and quadrature oscillators
KmitoÄtovĂ© filtry a sinusoidnĂ oscilĂĄtory jsou lineĂĄrnĂ elektronickĂ© obvody, kterĂ© jsou pouĆŸĂvĂĄny v ĆĄirokĂ© oblasti elektroniky a jsou zĂĄkladnĂmi stavebnĂmi bloky v analogovĂ©m zpracovĂĄnĂ signĂĄlu. V poslednĂ dekĂĄdÄ pro tento ĂșÄel bylo prezentovĂĄno velkĂ© mnoĆŸstvĂ stavebnĂch funkÄnĂch blokĆŻ. V letech 2000 a 2006 na Ăstavu telekomunikacĂ, VUT v BrnÄ byly definovĂĄny univerzĂĄlnĂ proudovĂœ konvejor (UCC) a univerzĂĄlnĂ napÄt'ovĂœ konvejor (UVC) a vyrobeny ve spoluprĂĄci s firmou AMI Semiconductor Czech, Ltd. OvĆĄem, stĂĄle existuje poĆŸadavek na vĂœvoj novĂœch aktivnĂch prvkĆŻ, kterĂ© nabĂzejĂ novĂ© vĂœhody. HlavnĂ pĆĂnos prĂĄce proto spoÄĂvĂĄ v definici dalĆĄĂch pĆŻvodnĂch aktivnĂch stavebnĂch blokĆŻ jako jsou differential-input buffered and transconductance amplifier (DBTA), current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA), z-copy current-controlled current inverting transconductance amplifier (ZC-CCCITA), generalized current follower differential input transconductance amplifier (GCFDITA), voltage gain-controlled modified current-feedback operational amplifier (VGC-MCFOA), a minus-type current-controlled third-generation voltage conveyor (CC-VCIII-). PomocĂ navrĆŸenĂœch aktivnĂch stavebnĂch blokĆŻ byly prezentovĂĄny pĆŻvodnĂ zapojenĂ fĂĄzovacĂch ÄlĂĄnkĆŻ prvnĂho ĆĂĄdu, univerzĂĄlnĂ filtry druhĂ©ho ĆĂĄdu, ekvivalenty obvodu typu KHN, inverznĂ filtry, aktivnĂ simulĂĄtory uzemnÄnĂ©ho induktoru a kvadraturnĂ sinusoidnĂ oscilĂĄtory pracujĂcĂ v proudovĂ©m, napÄt'ovĂ©m a smĂĆĄenĂ©m mĂłdu. ChovĂĄnĂ navrĆŸenĂœch obvodĆŻ byla ovÄĆena simulacĂ v prostĆedĂ SPICE a ve vybranĂœch pĆĂpadech experimentĂĄlnĂm mÄĆenĂm.Frequency filters and sinusoidal oscillators are linear electric circuits that are used in wide area of electronics and also are the basic building blocks in analogue signal processing. In the last decade, huge number of active building blocks (ABBs) were presented for this purpose. In 2000 and 2006, the universal current conveyor (UCC) and the universal voltage conveyor (UVC), respectively, were designed at the Department of Telecommunication, BUT, Brno, and produced in cooperation with AMI Semiconductor Czech, Ltd. There is still the need to develop new active elements that offer new advantages. The main contribution of this thesis is, therefore, the definition of other novel ABBs such as the differential-input buffered and transconductance amplifier (DBTA), the current follower transconductance amplifier (CFTA), the z-copy current-controlled current inverting transconductance amplifier (ZC-CCCITA), the generalized current follower differential input transconductance amplifier (GCFDITA), the voltage gain-controlled modified current-feedback operational amplifier (VGC-MCFOA), and the minus-type current-controlled third-generation voltage conveyor (CC-VCIII-). Using the proposed ABBs, novel structures of first-order all-pass filters, second-order universal filters, KHN-equivalent circuits, inverse filters, active grounded inductance simulators, and quadrature sinusoidal oscillators working in the current-, voltage-, or mixed-mode are presented. The behavior of the proposed circuits has been verified by SPICE simulations and in selected cases also by experimental measurements.
A compact current-mode instrumentation amplifier for general-purpose sensor interfaces
The proposed amplifier architecture follows a consolidated topology based on second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs), optimized for fully-differential operation. The architecture uses gain-boosting to improve the offset and noise characteristics of a recently proposed design. Wide input and output ranges and high accuracy are obtained by designing the CCIIs according to an original two-stage architecture with local voltage feedback. Embedding of chopper switch matrices into the amplifier enables vector analysis of the input signal, expanding the application field. The main strengths of the proposed amplifier are compactness and versatility. Measurements performed on a prototype designed with a 0.18 ÎŒm CMOS process are described
An analog building block for signal conditioning instrumentation circuits
The design of analog signal conditioning circuits for instrumentation applications often requires designing a specific circuit for each case. For board-level design solutions, these circuits are generally implemented by using Operational Amplifiers (OA) and Instrumentation Amplifiers (IA). An analog building block (ABB) is proposed, which can be implemented with three standard OAs. Using different connection schemes and just adding a few resistors, it allows implementing several analog circuits such as common-mode conditioners, single-ended to differential and differential to single-ended converters, voltage and current amplifiers, current-to-voltage and voltage-to-current converters, among others. The proposed ABB is analyzed and applied to several typical analog conditioning problems. The design equations and experimental results for these circuits are presented.Fil: Spinelli, Enrique Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en ElectrĂłnica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en ElectrĂłnica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales; ArgentinaFil: Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en ElectrĂłnica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en ElectrĂłnica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales; Argentin
Unconventional Circuit Elements for Ladder Filter Design
KmitoÄtovĂ© filtry jsou lineĂĄrnĂ elektrickĂ© obvody, kterĂ© jsou vyuĆŸĂvĂĄny v rĆŻznĂœch oblastech elektroniky. SouÄasnÄ tvoĆĂ zĂĄkladnĂ stavebnĂ bloky pro analogovĂ© zpracovĂĄnĂ signĂĄlĆŻ. V poslednĂ dekĂĄdÄ bylo zavedeno mnoĆŸstvĂ aktivnĂch stavebnĂch blokĆŻ pro analogovĂ© zpracovĂĄnĂ signĂĄlĆŻ. StĂĄle vĆĄak existuje potĆeba vĂœvoje novĂœch aktivnĂch souÄĂĄstek, kterĂ© by poskytovaly novĂ© moĆŸnosti a lepĆĄĂ parametry. V prĂĄci jsou diskutovĂĄny rĆŻznĂ© aspekty obvodĆŻ pracujĂcĂch v napÄĆ„ovĂ©m, proudovĂ©m a smĂĆĄnĂ©m mĂłdu. PrĂĄce reaguje na dneĆĄnĂ potĆebu nĂzkovĂœkonovĂœch a nĂzkonapÄĆ„ovĂœch aplikacĂ pro pĆenosnĂ© pĆĂstroje a mobilnĂ komunikaÄnĂ systĂ©my a na problĂ©my jejich nĂĄvrhu. PotĆeba tÄchto vĂœkonnĂœch nĂzkonapÄĆ„ovĂœch zaĆĂzenĂ je vĂœzvou nĂĄvrhĂĄĆĆŻ k hledĂĄnĂ novĂœch obvodovĂœch topologiĂ a novĂœch nĂzkonapÄĆ„ovĂœch technik. V prĂĄci je popsĂĄna Ćada aktivnĂch prvkĆŻ, jako napĆĂklad operaÄnĂ transkonduktanÄnĂ zesilovaÄ (OTA), proudovĂœ konvejor II. generace (CCII) a CDTA (Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier). DĂĄle jsou navrĆŸeny novĂ© prvky, jako jsou VDTA (Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier) a VDVTA (Voltage Differencing Voltage Transconductance Amplifier). VĆĄechny tyto prvky byly rovnÄĆŸ implementovĂĄny pomocĂ "bulk-driven" techniky CMOS s cĂlem realizace nĂzkonapÄĆ„ovĂœch aplikacĂ. Tato prĂĄce je rovnÄĆŸ zamÄĆena na nĂĄhrady klasickĂœch induktorĆŻ syntetickĂœmi induktory v pasivnĂch LC pĆĂÄkovĂœch filtrech. Tyto nĂĄhrady pak mohou vĂ©st k syntĂ©ze aktivnĂch filtrĆŻ se zajĂmavĂœmi vlastnostmi.Frequency filters are linear electric circuits that are used in wide area of electronics. They are also the basic building blocks in analogue signal processing. In the last decade, a huge number of active building blocks for analogue signal processing was introduced. However, there is still the need to develop new active elements that offer new possibilities and better parameters. The current-, voltage-, or mixed-mode analog circuits and their various aspects are discussed in the thesis. This work reflects the trend of low-power (LP) low-voltage (LV) circuits for portable electronic and mobile communication systems and the problems of their design. The need for high-performance LV circuits encourages the analog designers to look for new circuit architectures and new LV techniques. This thesis presents various active elements such as Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA), Current Conveyor of Second Generation (CCII), and Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (CDTA), and introduces novel ones, such as Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (VDTA) and Voltage Differencing Voltage Transconductance Amplifier (VDVTA). All the above active elements were also designed in CMOS bulk-driven technology for LP LV applications. This thesis is also focused on replacement of conventional inductors by synthetic ones in passive LC ladder filters. These replacements can lead to the synthesis of active filters with interesting parameters.
CMOS current amplifiers : speed versus nonlinearity
This work deals with analogue integrated circuit design using various types of current-mode amplifiers. These circuits are analysed and realised using modern CMOS integration technologies. The dynamic nonlinearities of these circuits are discussed in detail as in the literature only linear nonidealities and static nonlinearities are conventionally considered.
For the most important open-loop current-mode amplifier, the second-generation current-conveyor (CCII), a macromodel is derived that, unlike other reported macromodels, can accurately predict the common-mode behaviour in differential applications. Similarly, this model is used to describe the nonidealities of several other current-mode amplifiers because similar circuit structures are common in such amplifiers. With modern low-voltage CMOS-technologies, the current-mode operational amplifier and the high-gain current-conveyor (CCIIâ) perform better than open-loop current-amplifiers. Similarly, unlike with conventional voltage-mode operational amplifiers, the large-signal settling behaviour of these two amplifier types does not degrade as CMOS-processes are scaled down.
In this work, two 1 MHz 3rd -order low-pass continuous-time filters are realised with a 1.2 ÎŒm CMOS-process. These filters use a differential CCIIâ with linearised, dynamically biased output stages resulting in performance superior to most OTA-C filter realisations reported. Similarly, two logarithmic amplifier chips are designed and fabricated. The first circuit, implemented with a 1.2 ÎŒm BiCMOS-process, uses again a CCIIâ. This circuit uses a pn-junction as a logarithmic feedback element. With a CCIIâ the constant gain-bandwidth product, typical of voltage-mode operational amplifiers, is avoided resulting in a constant 1 MHz bandwidth with a 60 dB signal amplitude range. The second current-mode logarithmic amplifier, based on piece-wise linear approximation of the logarithmic function by a cascade of limiting current amplifier stages, is realised in a standard 1.2 ÎŒm CMOS-process. The limiting level in these current amplifiers is less sensitive to process variation than in limiting voltage amplifiers resulting in exceptionally low temperature dependency of the logarithmic output signal. Additionally, along with this logarithmic amplifier a new current peak detectoris developed.reviewe
A wideband linear tunable CDTA and its application in field programmable analogue array
This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Hu, Z., Wang, C., Sun, J. et al. âA wideband linear tunable CDTA and its application in field programmable analogue arrayâ, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, Vol. 88 (3): 465-483, September 2016. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 6 June 2017. The final publication is available at Springer via https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10470-016-0772-7 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016In this paper, a NMOS-based wideband low power and linear tunable transconductance current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) is presented. Based on the NMOS CDTA, a novel simple and easily reconfigurable configurable analogue block (CAB) is designed. Moreover, using the novel CAB, a simple and versatile butterfly-shaped FPAA structure is introduced. The FPAA consists of six identical CABs, and it could realize six order current-mode low pass filter, second order current-mode universal filter, current-mode quadrature oscillator, current-mode multi-phase oscillator and current-mode multiplier for analog signal processing. The Cadence IC Design Tools 5.1.41 post-layout simulation and measurement results are included to confirm the theory.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio
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