Supplier Selection And Supplier Performance Evaluation At PT. Indolakto

Dairy supply chain is one of food supply chain that has its own uncertainty both in upstream and downstream process due to the durability of product. Dairy market has good demand trend, because the supply is still below the consumption level. Indonesia use imported dairy product rather than use the domestic ones, because the supply of domestic dairy still below the demand. So, there are opportunities for dairy company to compete in this industry and reach competitive advantage by solving the upstream problems. Selecting supplier is one of upstream supply chain area which affected the quality of dairy product and mitigate supply chain risk management from the beginning. This research aim to develop a framework for supplier selection and improve a supplier performance evaluation form. According to AHP method this research will be determine main criteria by interview, pair wise comparison on developing the AHP, determine sub criteria based on main criteria, and rank the supplier. After selecting the supplier, this research conduct interview for determining main and sub criteria, developing the AHP method with pair wise comparison and forming supplier performance evaluation. The result is forming a framework of supplier selection and forming supplier performance evaluation form based on company requirements. Also, the main criteria for supplier selection are quality, quantity, delivery, warranty, and pricing with sub main criteria which already deployed. For supplier performance evaluation, there are four main criteria which are quality, quantity, delivery and warranty. Maltodextrin A will be choose rather than Maltodextrin B. The sensivity analysis also shown that all of criteria were robust

Pricing decision model for new and remanufactured short life-cycle products with green consumers

Remanufacturing has been studied quite extensively during the last decades, as one of product recovery options that could extend product�s useful life and mitigate the environmental impact. Rapid innovation in technology accelerates obsolescence and hence product life cycles are getting shorter and wastes build up faster. Remanufacturing of short life-cycle product is an important alternative to mitigate the waste. However, since there are impacts in implementing remanufacturing, such as cannibalization, segmentation, and lower willingness to pay, pricing has become a significant aspect to ensure successful remanufacturing business. Several studies show that there exists green segment consumer, who has higher preference to purchase environmental-friendly products and higher willingness to pay for such products. In this paper, we study manufacturer�s and retailer�s pricing decision of short life-cycle product considering the green segment consumers, and propose two scenarios i.e. independently optimized profit scenario under Stackelberg game with manufacturer as the leader, and integrated scenario. The results show that the integrated scenario achieves higher profit compared to the independent one, and both players are better off under the integrated decision. We also find that the existence of green segment increases the profit of manufacturer and retailer to a certain level, before it erodes manufacturer�s profit when the green level is too high. In addition, price sensitivity of new and remanufactured products, demand�s speed of change, and remanufacturing cost influence the optimum prices as well as the optimum green level. For firms that are engaging in remanufacturing, managerial insights are also provided to assist managers in making pricing decisions when there exist green consumers

Uncertainty Models in Reverse Supply Chain: A Review

Reverse logistic has become an important topic for the organization due to growing environmental concern, government regulation, economic value, and sustainable competitiveness. Uncertainty is one of the key factors in the reverse supply chain that must be controlled; thus, the company could optimize the reverse supply chain function. This paper discusses progress in reverse logistic research. A total of 72 published articles were selected, analyzed, categorized and the research gaps were found among them. The study began by analyzed previous research articles in reverse logistic. In this stage, we also collected and reviewed journals discussing about the reverse supply chain. Meanwhile, the result of this stage shows that uncertainty factor has not been reviewed in detail. The most common theme as the background research in reverse logistic is environmental and economic aspect. Uncertainty in Close Loop Supply Chain is the most widely used approach, followed by the usage on reverse logistics, reverse supply chain and reverse Model. The most used approach and method on uncertainty are Mixed Integer Linear Programing, mixed integer nonlinear Programing, Robust Fuzzy Stochastic Programming, and Improved kriging-assisted robust optimization method. Customer demand, total cost, product returns are the most widely researched aspects. This paper may be useful for academicians, researchers and practitioners in learning on reverse logistic and reverse supply chain; therefore, close loop supply chain can be guidance for upcoming researches. Research opportunity based on this research combines total cost, quality return product, truck capacity, delivery route, remanufacturing capacity, and facility location got optimum function in uncertainty. The research method and approach for MINLP, IK-MRO and RSFP provide many opportunities for research. For theme and area in reverse logistic, close loop supply chain is the theme that provides the most research opportunities

A systematic review of decision-making in remanufacturing

Potential benefits have made remanufacturing attractive over the last decade. Nevertheless, the complexity and uncertainties associated with the process of managing returned products make remanufacturing challenging. Since this process involves enormous decision-making practices, various methods/techniques have been developed. This review is to specify the current challenges and opportunities for decision-making in remanufacturing. To achieve this, we perform a systematic review over decision-making in remanufacturing by classifying decisions into different managerial levels and areas. Adopting a systematic approach which provides a repeatable, transparent and scientific process, 241 key articles have been identified following a multi-stage review process. Our review indicates that most studies focuses on strategic-level(48%) and tactical-level (34%)with only 5% focusing on operational-level and the rest on two levels(13%). Regarding decision-making methods, most studies propose mathematical models (60%) followed by analytical models (31%). Furthermore, only 36% of the studies address uncertainties in which stochastic approach is mostly applied. A total of 21 knowledge gaps are highlighted to direct future research work

Method and Approach Mapping of Fair and Balanced Risk and Value-added Distribution in Supply Chains: A Review and Future Agenda

This paper proposes a fair and balanced risk and value-added distribution as a novel approach for collaborative supply chain. The objective of this article is to analyze the existing methods and approaches for risk management, value-adding, risk and revenue sharing to develop a new framework for balancing risk and value-adding in collaborative supply chains. The authors reviewed and synthesized 162 scientific articles which were published between 2001 and 2017 and. The reviewed articles were categorized into supply chain management and performance, risk management, value-added, fair risk and value-added distribution and supply chain negotiation. The potentials identified for future research were the importance of decision-making and sustainability for effectiveness of supply chain risk management. Most previous authors have applied an approach of revenue and risk-- sharing with both decentralized and centralized supply chains to achieve the fair risk and value-added distribution. The dominant methods we found in literature were game theory and complex mathematical formulation. Most literature focused on operation research techniques. We identified a lack of discussion of the intelligent system approach and a potential for future exploration. This paper guide future research and application agenda of fair risk and value-added distribution in supply chain collaboration. We developed a new framework for a fair and balanced risk and value-added distribution model. For a future agenda, we point towards the development of a systematic intelligent system applying soft-computing techniques and knowledge transfer for maintaining sustainable supply chains.Keywords Supply chain collaboration, Fair risk and value-added distribution, Revenue sharing, Risk management, Risk sharin

Two Stage Procurement Processes With Competitive Suppliers and Uncertain Supplier Quality

This paper considers a sourcing problem faced by a manufacturer who outsources the manufacturing of a product to one of several competing suppliers, whose cost and quality capabilities are unknown. We consider a two-stage sourcing process in which the first stage is the qualification stage, while the second stage is the supplier selection stage. In the first stage, the manufacturer exerts effort to learn about the quality level of each of the suppliers and then must determine the set of qualified suppliers, subject to some tolerance for error. In the second stage, the manufacturer runs a price-only procurement auction, in which the qualified suppliers compete for the manufacturer’s business.We model this two-stage sourcing process with the goal of obtaining insights into manufacturer’s optimal decisions. We seek to determine the optimal qualification standard, the optimal amount of effort to be exerted in the qualification process and the appropriate tolerance for error in the qualification process, and to understand the interactions between these decision variables. We are particularly interested in understanding how the manufacturer can design the process to 1) ensure the firm only sources from qualified suppliers and 2) encourage competition among the suppliers during supplier selection

Moving forward in reverse : a review into strategic decision making in reverse logistics

Reverse Logistics, the process of managing the backward flows of materials from a point of use to a point of recovery or proper disposal, has gained increased industry acceptance as a strategy for both competitive advantage and sustainable development. This has stimulated a growing number of researchers to investigate Strategic management issues relating to the set up and control of effective and efficient Reverse Logistics systems. This paper systematically reviews the most important works in this field, with a focus on papers that concentrate on the strategic decision making process involved in the design and operation of a Reverse Logistics process with remanufacturing. The review found that: the majority of work is primarily focused on OEM specific issues; the sectors receiving the most attention are the ones under the greatest pressure from environmental legislation; and previous research findings from Rubio et al. (2009) and Fleischmann et al. (2000) are reaffirmed that the Reverse Logistics field is growing, but characterised by mainly quantitative, mathematical models. Future research efforts should be focused on the empirical investigation of the Reverse Logistics design process for all types of remanufacturers

Supplier Selection Model in Canadian Automotive Aftermarket Business

Supplier selection is one of the strategic issues that companies face, and it has a significant impact on their financials, reputation, and performance. This decision is such big that its influence may remain for years. It is not easy for big companies with vast product lines to frequently switch from one supplier to another. The contracts are such detailed and have different aspects that make changing a supplier rapidly impossible. In addition, the process of changing a supplier is cumbersome and costly. All these, make this decision vital and unbelievably sensitive, and essential for the vast companies. The automotive industry’s supply chains are considered as one the most complicated chains among different sectors. Although there are common aspects in automotive industries and other businesses, the nature of this industry and its associated businesses can be distinct in many ways, making this industry an exciting topic of research. These characteristics could show the importance of the automotive industry in general and spare parts aftermarket in particular—these characteristics of the automotive industry vary in different regions and under different circumstances. Therefore, we face unalike situations and conditions in different countries. The market behavior and features are different. Thus, the managers’ needs and attitudes would be different as well. Therefore, I decided to conduct this research on the Canadian automotive aftermarket business to understand the needs and attitudes of the executives and customers of a considerable proportion of this market. I create three different supplier selection models based on the requirements of this market. The applied methods are AHP, fuzzy-AHP, and TOPSIS. Eventually, I compared the results and provided suggestions for the executives. I have three alternatives in this project, one of which should be selected as the ultimate supplier. We used three methods: AHP, Fuzzy-AHP, and TOPSIS, for model creation and comparing the results. To gather data on the weights of criteria, I executed two surveys with two different targeted participants. Also, a group of experts formed the decision-making committee for alternatives pairwise comparison. Service was determined as the most critical criterion following by the product criterion. The selected alternative has highly qualified products, very competitive pricing, and more flexibility than its competitors. Analyzing the model's results, I provided suggestions for the selected alternative to increase the score difference with other alternatives and become a more suitable selected supplier

Biopsychosocial Assessment and Ergonomics Intervention for Sustainable Living: A Case Study on Flats

This study proposes an ergonomics-based approach for those who are living in small housings (known as flats) in Indonesia. With regard to human capability and limitation, this research shows how the basic needs of human beings are captured and analyzed, followed by proposed designs of facilities and standard living in small housings. Ninety samples were involved during the study through in- depth interview and face-to-face questionnaire. The results show that there were some proposed of modification of critical facilities (such as multifunction ironing work station, bed furniture, and clothesline) and validated through usability testing. Overall, it is hoped that the proposed designs will support biopsychosocial needs and sustainability