Experiences of the community television sector in the migration to digital terrestrial television in South Africa 2007 - 2014

A research report is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in ICT Policy and Regulation to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 2016South Africa has a nascent community television sector, which is legislated as a tier of broadcasting. This sector is important in deepening democracy, creating access to information, giving communities the space to share information, and expanding media ownership to communities beyond the public and commercial television broadcasting sectors. Since 2007, when Soweto TV was the first community television station to be licensed, the processes towards migrating analogue to digital terrestrial television have been beset with delays and the experience of the community TV sector with respect to this migration have been not well understood. The conceptual-analytical framework for this historical study of the period 2007 to 2014 drew on the key themes of sector and institutional governance including the effectiveness of policy and regulation, technological advancement, content and services. Using a constructivist methodology the key documents pertaining to broadcast digital migration were reviewed and interviews were conducted with three community TV stations, Soweto TV, Bay TV and Cape Town TV, as well as with the policy-maker, the regulator and sector experts. The findings revealed that the community television (CTV) sector was faced with problems of sector and institutional governance not being effectively addressed in legislation and regulation, stagnation as a result of lack of spectrum in the analogue television-broadcasting dispensation and limitations on content provision. Using McConnell’s 2010 framework, analysis of the data led to the conclusion that the DTTM programme has failed with respect to the community TV sector. Advances for the CTV sector will require revision to legislation and future regulation to guide the governance of the CTV sector and the digital terrestrial television migration should be concluded without further delay, in order to enable the sector to grow. Although CTV stations are providing content to communities, the opportunity for them to make a greater impact, if digital terrestrial television (DTT) is finally launched, should be prioritised as the new technology can provide them with the scope to expand their content offerings.MT201

Pembangunan model kualiti bagi modul pengajaran kendiri (MPK) menggunakan kaedah quality function deployment (QFD)

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan satu Model Kualiti menggunakan kaedah Quality Function Deployment (QFD) yangmerupakan salah satu teknik dalam Total Quality Management (TQM). Objektifkajian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimanakah QFD dapat digunakan dalam proses pembangunan Modul Pengaj aran Kendiri (MPK). Di samping itu, kajian ini turut mengkaji tentang ciri-ciri MPK yang dapat memenuhi kehendak pelajar melalui pembangunan matrik QFD. Responden kajian ini adalah terdiri daripada 98 orang pelajar semester satu Diploma Akauntansi di sebuah politeknik. Kajian berbentuk tinjauan mengguriakan borang soal selidik bagi mendapatkan kajian terhadap pasaran dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kriteria modul yang dapat memenuhi keperluan pelajar di samping mengenalpasti permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mereka di dalam menggunakan modul. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis menggunakan perisian SPSS Version 11.0 (Statistical Package For Social Sciences) bagi mendapatkan peratusan dan skor min. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kaedah QFD dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alat kawalan kualiti dalam proses pembangunan MPK melalui pembangunan empat buah Rumah Kualiti. Basil kajianjuga mendapati bahawa dalam Rumah Kualiti 1 antara elemen modul yang dapat memenuhi kehendak pelajar mengikut hirarki matrik QFD adalah modul dalam bentuk cetakan, penekanan kepada elemen-elemen modul bercetak dalam Rumah Kualiti 2, spesifikasi bahagian isi kandungan dalam Rumah Kualiti 3 dan perincian dalam isi kandungan bagi kawalan kualiti dalam Rumah Kualiti 4. Dengan adanya cadangan model ini, diharap kajian ini akan dapat menjadi panduan kepada pensyarah dan para pembangun modul untuk menggunakan kaedah QFD sebelum menghasilkan sesebuah MPK

The Spanish audiovisual sector facing digital technologies

The audiovisual sector is complex because it involves the activity of different industries related to content production, telecommunications, media, as well as the Internet and services of the Information Society. The emergence of new technological changes resulting from the digitization process and the convergence of information technologies and telecommunications in connection with the storage, processing and distribution of information are creating new challenges within this sector. The EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive, as the main instrument of the European audiovisual regulatory policy, calls on Member States to reform their legislation on this field with the aim of harmonizing the different regulations regarding audiovisual sector. Until December 2009, Spain has time to transpose into national law the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive. The regulatory framework of the audiovisual sector in Spain could be defined as huge, disperse and obsolete. However, the Spanish government is going to present in a few days a general regulation on that issue. This article pretends to provide an overview of the major challenges of the Spanish audiovisual sector as a result of the convergence of platforms, services and operators in light of new regulatory changes

Self-regulation and policy in the spanish audiovisual sector: the catalan code of best practices

The regulatory framework of the audiovisual sector in Spain can be defined as huge, disperse, and obsolete. The first part of this paper provides an overview of the major challenges of the Spanish audiovisual sector as a result of the convergence of platforms, services and operators. In the second part, we will present an example of self-regulation through the future Code of Best Professional Practices of the Catalan Audiovisual Union. Fostering dialogue and bringing more stakeholders in the field may fit the new scenarios built up by the Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web

Study of encapsulation and transport of 3DTV by satellite

The project was developed in EADS ASTRIUM Toulouse in the framework of the MUSCADE project with the latest technologies in 3DTV. Currently most of the research in satellite broadcasting field is focused in 3DTV transmission as the following of HDTV. MUSCADE is a European project funded by the 7th Framework Program whose objective is to demonstrate a complete multiview 3DTV live chain over wireline, wireless and satellite networks. This project aims to set up a satellite testbed to validate the 3D content format defined by MUSCADE in an emulated satellite environment. The document’s first chapter describes the environment where the internship has taken place and a brief overview of the EADS Company. After, a short description of the whole MUSCADE project can be found in section 5. This allows the reader to achieve a global vision of all the technological concepts involved in the project even if this internship is focused in satellite transmission. Section 6 describes the internship development. By means of conclusion, the new skills achieved, the knowledge applied and a professional and personal balance could be found at the end of this report.Ingeniería de TelecomunicaciónTelekomunikazio Ingeniaritz