9,709 research outputs found
Anticipatory Mobile Computing: A Survey of the State of the Art and Research Challenges
Today's mobile phones are far from mere communication devices they were ten
years ago. Equipped with sophisticated sensors and advanced computing hardware,
phones can be used to infer users' location, activity, social setting and more.
As devices become increasingly intelligent, their capabilities evolve beyond
inferring context to predicting it, and then reasoning and acting upon the
predicted context. This article provides an overview of the current state of
the art in mobile sensing and context prediction paving the way for
full-fledged anticipatory mobile computing. We present a survey of phenomena
that mobile phones can infer and predict, and offer a description of machine
learning techniques used for such predictions. We then discuss proactive
decision making and decision delivery via the user-device feedback loop.
Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of anticipatory mobile
computing.Comment: 29 pages, 5 figure
Towards Data-driven Simulation of End-to-end Network Performance Indicators
Novel vehicular communication methods are mostly analyzed simulatively or
analytically as real world performance tests are highly time-consuming and
cost-intense. Moreover, the high number of uncontrollable effects makes it
practically impossible to reevaluate different approaches under the exact same
conditions. However, as these methods massively simplify the effects of the
radio environment and various cross-layer interdependencies, the results of
end-to-end indicators (e.g., the resulting data rate) often differ
significantly from real world measurements. In this paper, we present a
data-driven approach that exploits a combination of multiple machine learning
methods for modeling the end-to-end behavior of network performance indicators
within vehicular networks. The proposed approach can be exploited for fast and
close to reality evaluation and optimization of new methods in a controllable
environment as it implicitly considers cross-layer dependencies between
measurable features. Within an example case study for opportunistic vehicular
data transfer, the proposed approach is validated against real world
measurements and a classical system-level network simulation setup. Although
the proposed method does only require a fraction of the computation time of the
latter, it achieves a significantly better match with the real world
evaluations
Health visiting - the end of a UK wide service?
In 1997 Health Visiting was deemed by New Labour to be an important player in reducing health inequalities. It was acknowledged that if Health Visiting was to fulfill this vision it would have to work out with its traditional child health role and also engage with groups, communities and populations to tackle the determinants of ill health. Twelve years on, external factors such as, NHS cut backs, recent changes to how Health Visitors are regulated throughout the UK and devolved Health Visiting policy making structures have led to the rapid demise in status and legitimacy of Health Visiting and its wider public health role. This article argues that the unintended consequences of devolved Health Visiting policy has resulted in 3 recent community nursing and health-visiting reviews in Scotland and England which have made divergent policy recommendations about the role of the Health Visitor in tackling health inequalities. The recommendations outlined in the Scottish review in particular threatened to jeopardise the very future provision of a UK wide Health Visiting service. If Health Visiting is to survive as a UK wide entity, a radical independent rethink as to its future direction and its public health role is urgently required
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