154 research outputs found

    A survey on compositional algorithms for verification and synthesis in supervisory control

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    This survey gives an overview of the current research on compositional algorithms for verification and synthesis of modular systems modelled as interacting finite-state machines. Compositional algorithms operate by repeatedly simplifying individual components of a large system, replacing them by smaller so-called abstractions, while preserving critical properties. In this way, the exponential growth of the state space can be limited, making it possible to analyse much bigger state spaces than possible by standard state space exploration. This paper gives an introduction to the principles underlying compositional methods, followed by a survey of algorithmic solutions from the recent literature that use compositional methods to analyse systems automatically. The focus is on applications in supervisory control of discrete event systems, particularly on methods that verify critical properties or synthesise controllable and nonblocking supervisors

    Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design – FMCAD 2022

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    The Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD) is an annual conference on the theory and applications of formal methods in hardware and system verification. FMCAD provides a leading forum to researchers in academia and industry for presenting and discussing groundbreaking methods, technologies, theoretical results, and tools for reasoning formally about computing systems. FMCAD covers formal aspects of computer-aided system design including verification, specification, synthesis, and testing

    Modeling and Security Verification of State-Based Smart Contracts

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    Smart contracts are programs that are stored on a blockchain ledger with code immutable after deployment. Thus, verifying the correct behavior of smart contracts before deployment is vital. This paper demonstrates how a security vulnerability verification in a casino smart contract can be transformed to non-blocking verification. To this end, the contract is first modeled as interacting extended finite state machines (EFSM), with one EFSM for each function. Modeling the security vulnerability as a condition in the EFSM system, non-blocking verification reveals the system to be blocking. Investigating the counterexample produced by the verification shows that a transfer that is refused by its receiver may block the casino so that all remaining funds are forever locked into the contract, thus revealing a severe vulnerability. It is then demonstrated how the same technique can show the absence of this vulnerability, by verifying that the EFSM model of an improved casino contract is indeed non-blocking. Copyright (C) 2022 The Authors

    Accelerated Verification of Concurrent Systems

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    Accelerated Verification of Concurrent Systems

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    Preparation and control of intelligent automation systems

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    In the automation systems of tomorrow, it is likely that the devices included have various degrees of autonomy, and include advanced algorithms for perception and control. Human operators will be expected to work together with collaborative robots as well as with roaming robots for material handling.The volatile nature of the environment of such intelligent automation systems lead to an enormous amount of possible situations that can arise and which need to be suitably handled. This complexity makes development of control systems for intelligent automation systems difficult using traditional methods.As an alternative, this thesis presents a model-based control framework, which uses a combination of formal specification and automated planning. The proposed framework allows for defining the intentions of the automation system on a high level, which enables decisions that influence when things should occur to be modeled using logical constraints, rather than programming. To achieve a modular framework, low level, reusable, resource models are composed by 1) formal specification to ensure safety and 2) applying an abstraction called an operation, which couples the reusable resources to the intentions of the system. By planning also the resources\u27 detailed actions, the operations can, when possible, be completed regardless of the resources\u27 current state. This eases error-recovery, as resources do not have to be reset when an error occurs.Additionally, the thesis proposes an iterative and interactive workflow for integrating the proposed model-based control framework into a virtual preparation process, using computer-based simulation as a tool for validating formal specifications. The control framework allows for adding new constraints to a running system, enabling an efficient and interactive preparation process.The framework has been applied to a use case from final assembly, which features human-robot collaboration. Experimental results on the ability to handle unforeseen errors and planning performance are presented

    Computer Aided Verification

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    This open access two-volume set LNCS 10980 and 10981 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2018, held in Oxford, UK, in July 2018. The 52 full and 13 tool papers presented together with 3 invited papers and 2 tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 215 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics and techniques, from algorithmic and logical foundations of verification to practical applications in distributed, networked, cyber-physical, and autonomous systems. They are organized in topical sections on model checking, program analysis using polyhedra, synthesis, learning, runtime verification, hybrid and timed systems, tools, probabilistic systems, static analysis, theory and security, SAT, SMT and decisions procedures, concurrency, and CPS, hardware, industrial applications

    Programming Languages and Systems

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    This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 29th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2020, which was planned to take place in Dublin, Ireland, in April 2020, as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020. The actual ETAPS 2020 meeting was postponed due to the Corona pandemic. The papers deal with fundamental issues in the specification, design, analysis, and implementation of programming languages and systems

    Efficient Supervisor Synthesis for Feature Models

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    Towards predictive runtime modelling of Kubernetes microservices

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    Kubernetes is one of the major container management platforms utilised by Cloud Service Providers offering to host applications and services. As cloud based services become more prevalent, platform providers are faced with an increasingly complex problem of trying to meet contracted performance levels. Providers must strike a balance between management of resource allocations and contractual obligations to ensure that their service is profitable, while offering competitive pricing rates for contracts. This research explores performance modelling of microservice application tenants within the Kubernetes container management platform. We present a self-adaptive architecture to achieve modelling at runtime. We establish the potential for automated classification of cloud systems, and utilise a hybridised modelling approach to verify system properties and evaluate performance. We achieve this through the modelling of components as Extended Finite State Machines in WATERS, from which we automate the generating of performance models using the PEPA syntax
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